tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-76378580800038863622024-03-19T21:37:01.376-07:00A Three Peaks Up and Under Written and photographed by Stephen Oldfield and including the follow-up project, 'A Four Dales Up and Under': this is a blog for all those who love the truly wild landscapes of the Yorkshire Dales. Comments, complaints or compliments are welcome!
The author may be contacted directly at weathercote44@gmail.com
Stephen Oldfieldhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12530850075205687496noreply@blogger.comBlogger114125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7637858080003886362.post-13394404974410379732019-04-04T08:22:00.001-07:002019-04-04T10:14:52.932-07:00<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;">Down in the Basement: </span></h2>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The Oldest Rocks of the Yorkshire Dales</span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The oldest rocks of the Yorkshire Dales form a substantial basement underneath the landscape we see and enjoy today. They are mostly hidden from view, but thanks to being lifted close to the surface by the movements of the North Craven Fault, they have been exposed in Chapel-le-Dale, parts of Ribblesdale - and in Crummackdale. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The rocks of the basement were laid down in the periods we call the Ordovician (named after the Celtic Ordovices tribe who inhabited landscapes composed of these rocks in Scotland) and the Silurian (named after the Silures tribe of Wales) between 480 and about 415 million years ago!! 'England' was then part of the continent of Avalonia, beneath the equator - while Scotland, Ireland and North America lay in the continent of Laurentia, across the Iapetus Ocean. Imagine the Iapetus as being an Atlantic - but separating two vastly different continents in a different location on the globe ...</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Huge rivers washed sands, silts and muds into this ocean - and later 'landslides' on the sea bed meant the particles rose up and clouded the sea water (hence the alternative name for these rocks as 'turbidites' ) - and then settled in size order - with the coarser grains becoming sandstones and the finer muds becoming shales. Nature wasn't quite finished yet though ...!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Tectonic movements began to push the continents together and fold the rocks like a huge sheet of corrugated iron. These folds not only shaped the rocks so that some of the beds now stood vertically - but the immense pressure created heat which partly 'cooked' or 'metamorphosed' the rocks into a different state. Therefore the sandstones became a hard, coarse grained rock we call 'greywacke' while the shales and siltstones became 'slates'. The crests of the folds we call 'anticlines' and the dips we call 'sinclines'. The folding effectively created massive mountain ranges on the sea bed, much bigger than the Alps or Pyrenees. You can see the dip of the beds from the folding in the photo above. Here the crest of the anticline - a former mountain top - has been sliced away by erosion and glaciers over millions of years - but you can still imagine it up there on the left. The much younger Carboniferous limestone is seen laid on top of the old mountain range! </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The very oldest rocks of the basement are known as the 'Ingletonian' and here is an example - of a greenish hue and with mineral veins (quartz and micas). These rocks were folded particularly steeply and contain no fossils - which makes them unique in comparison to the younger layers of the basement. This is a sample from the old 'granite' quarry in Ingleton. The rock here is a mixture of slates and greywackes - the latter containing pink feldspar chunks which give it the appearance of granite. It is one of the very best places to look at the Dale basement! Not only were these rocks folded, but a massive amount of real granite bubbled up around them and helped with the cooking process! It also helped form the foundation block of the entire Yorkshire Dales - a feature known as the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Askrigg Block</span>. This quarry is a window into the block itself!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Slate beds can still be seen in the quarry in their natural state.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">This photograph contrasts the greywackes and slates in the 'granite' quarry.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The Ingletonian are also famously exposed in the old Pecca Slate Quarry on the waterfalls walk.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6ot9hN6y_dVaYbQ1VuTvD7nuzEcsQWVm3PZ2WBFdTvUDBVnQtSbgVGwliTC3MTGT7jt_zMaCGFdZC5mDvtZhSb4UcNKM_CypiG-07V4ENgJ5j7cHzoQoZ3mYFH8GT01ZsM98K3hupQTc/s1600/IMG_3120.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6ot9hN6y_dVaYbQ1VuTvD7nuzEcsQWVm3PZ2WBFdTvUDBVnQtSbgVGwliTC3MTGT7jt_zMaCGFdZC5mDvtZhSb4UcNKM_CypiG-07V4ENgJ5j7cHzoQoZ3mYFH8GT01ZsM98K3hupQTc/s640/IMG_3120.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Note the vertical bedding here - and think of the forces that must have been involved. Incredible!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The Ingletonian are most memorably exposed at Thornton Force - where Great Scar Limestone (350 million years old) lies horizontally on vertically bedded Ingletonian rocks 130 million years older!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">As we move east from Ingleton the beds are slightly younger. These are dipping beds of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Upper Ordovician rocks</span> of the 'Norber Formation' - containing some fossils and limestones and being much 'muddier' in composition - with less evidence of any 'cooking' by pressure and heat. Here again, at Nappa Scar - you can clearly see a 'sliced off' anticline - the stump of an ancient mountain - with the limestone bedded on top. During the Devonian period (416 - 360 million years ago) the entire mountain ranges were lifted out of the sea by further tectonic activity and exposed to erosion, before the early Carboniferous seas drowned the mountain stumps allowing limestones to bed down on top! You can see this clearly here.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Here at Studrigg Scar in Crummackdale we see a still younger formation, known as the 'Austwick Formation' from the later <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Silurian Period</span>, with their beds rising steeply to the former anticline - and the Great Scar Limestone bedded down on top. This is a classic 'unconformity' with a massive time distance between the two rocks.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">And younger still - we have the very smooth Silurian rocks of the Horton Formation - or Horton Flags - exploited here at Dry Rigg Quarry. Each rock represents the grading of sediment on a sea bed in turbid conditions ....</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Here's the Ingletonian slate - 480 million years old ...</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">'Norber Formation' siltstone from Nappa Scars - about 420 million years old ...</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">And the slightly younger 'Horton Flag' sandstone of the Dry Rigg quarry.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The basement of the Yorkshire Dales is a fascinating roller-coaster of rocky surprises and variations which never fails to capture the imagination. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Stephen x</span></div>
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Stephen Oldfieldhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12530850075205687496noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7637858080003886362.post-36159516732017214212019-03-27T07:34:00.000-07:002019-03-27T07:36:17.757-07:00<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;">Nappa Scars - Awesome Geology</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">A huge slice of the basement rocks of the Dales has been brought to the surface by the North Craven Fault, and further exposed by erosion. Nowhere is this better seen than at Nappa Scars, just north of Austwick. Here, the 350 million year old beds of Great Scar Limestone rest on the basement rocks - the eroded stumps of a former mountain range, formed under the sea over 400 million years ago. It is one incredible place!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">A lovely walk up from the village sees the scattered erratic boulders of the Austwick Formation (from the Silurian Period so slightly younger than the Nappa Scar basement outcrops), providing convenient short-cuts to drystone walling. These famous boulders were plucked from the valley sides about 1 kilometre to the north at SD770704) and dumped both here and on Norber Brow, where they lie as one of the most famous geological locations in the UK.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Many lie scattered on the emerald green turf. This view looks eastwards along the line of the North Craven Fault, with all the land to the left having been lifted in relation to the 'downthrow' on the right, effectively exposing this wonderful slice of undulating basement. Let's have a closer look at this baffling series of rocks ...</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The 'rollercoaster' nature of the basement can be seen in this image - where the basement rocks here dip from a crest or 'anticline' that was weathered away long before the limestones on the top (visible top right in the picture) were laid down. What we are seeing here then, are the stumps of ancient mountains beyond our imagination ...</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">At Nappa Scars (SD 768697) we add detail to the picture. The cliff is of Great Scar Limestone of course, but the footpath actually crosses slabs of basement slate, which once lay at a higher level BEFORE the limestone was laid down and are probably the remains of a former landslide onto an ancient beach!! This isn't the actual basement - as some people think - as we have to scramble down a couple of metres for that. And the beach? Well - it's there for all to see in the form of a band of 'conglomerate' .. you see that pale looking 'mushroom' stem that appears to be holding it all up? ...</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Here it is - a mass of pebbles, shells and bouldery bits all cemented together in a muddy limestone 'matrix'. It almost appears to be man-made. We call it conglomerate - and you can't get a better sample of it than here at Nappa Scars.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">About 350 million years ago, the 'Dales' were south of the equator - and had been dry land for millions of years during the Devonian period. Rising sea levels saw every bit of the land becoming a beach for a period as the waters gradually invaded ... </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">That's what we see here. Shallow water, allowing shelly organisms to flourish - caused a muddy mixure of their remains to cement the beach material together ...</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">It's amazing to touch it and consider that - it really is!</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTTrgdJoJ1CsixStxzPWoxiE84uWHj4kyQ4vHWQZSybr61nsZXzU56ZFEauMkdfquxlf7ex1_8SpsWI9oLEbDz1EtbT9XV5A2CAMfnwy8c5TNQNflOHuXBX4RnBFqAJrJKlIr1_HCkCE8/s1600/P1110969.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTTrgdJoJ1CsixStxzPWoxiE84uWHj4kyQ4vHWQZSybr61nsZXzU56ZFEauMkdfquxlf7ex1_8SpsWI9oLEbDz1EtbT9XV5A2CAMfnwy8c5TNQNflOHuXBX4RnBFqAJrJKlIr1_HCkCE8/s640/P1110969.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">As the waters deepened, the conglomerate gradually gave way to limestone - as bed after bed of shelly creatures deposited their remains on the sea floor. You can see the gradual 'fade out' to limestone in this picture.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">There are some pretty hefty pieces of rock cemented into the conglomerate. </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzVbrL86fYXiw5CzUEl6NyjjMAj5wtdACk1R3QlTtj6emfFCXBRhR_3KkvxRNJTW5eBuT6utU7hQpnLDcNdvL_EfEPwxJzTzVxDsXcRgDesZgSFLQ7byqdH9xtPaQnE17zdCVKf-K4BdY/s1600/P1110972.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzVbrL86fYXiw5CzUEl6NyjjMAj5wtdACk1R3QlTtj6emfFCXBRhR_3KkvxRNJTW5eBuT6utU7hQpnLDcNdvL_EfEPwxJzTzVxDsXcRgDesZgSFLQ7byqdH9xtPaQnE17zdCVKf-K4BdY/s640/P1110972.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Here's a classic view of Nappa Scars - with the conglomerate bed being very slowly weathered beneath the limestone. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">If we scramble down below the path we find the astonishing 'unconformity' between the 480 million year old basement rocks and the 350 million year old limestone - a whopping time gap of 130 million years!!!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Let's touch the time gap. What's a human life span - or even human life on earth in comparison to this?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Even on this picture - the steeply dipping beds of a former mountain range can be clearly seen!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">You can see that the limestone - above right - is still at this stage very pebbly ...</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Why is there less conglomerate here? Well - because the limetone was probably deposited on a rocky shelf free of debris at this spot ... </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The steeply dipping beds of the basement - caused by the folding as two continents came together to close the Iapetus Ocean ...</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">From the crest or mountain top that would have existed beyond the left of the picture (anticline) - the beds would have plunged into the dip (sincline) now lying beneath Crummackdale (to the right).</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Another view of the unconformity - with the pebbly beds of limestone above. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Many gastropods and other fossils can be found in the conglomerate.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Tearing yourself away from a place like this can be tricky.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">What went on along the scars of this hillside makes you question the significance of human life on earth. It's an awe-inspiring place to sit and ponder it all!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Stephen x</span></div>
Stephen Oldfieldhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12530850075205687496noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7637858080003886362.post-82341978345151774482019-03-09T15:04:00.000-08:002019-03-09T15:05:28.815-08:00<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;">Aysgill Force - A Sandstone Sandwich</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Just above the village of Gayle, to the south of Hawes in Wensleydale, we have another fine insight into the Yordedale Series of rocks. The rocks began to be laid down about 320 million years ago. Fluctuating sea levels saw limestones being laid down in deeper conditions - built up from the remains of shelly creatures in a warm sea, while shallower conditions saw rivers washing in sands and mud to form sandstone and shale - and so the cycle repeated. There are 11 named limestones in the sequence, the highest being the Main Limestone found just below the summit of the Three Peaks. In Wensleydale, however, we are concerned with the lower limestones in the sequence - in this case the Gayle limestone, named after the cute little village that stands on it as a foundation!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">My little drawing of the Yoredale Series, much simplified, shows the limestones in Wensleydale, the lowest of which is the Hawes limestone on which the town sits. As you can see, the next are the Gayle and Hardraw Scar Limestones - both very distinctive in terms of their fossils - and both, of course, associated with famous waterfalls! This diagram is, in effect - the 'cone' of Penyghent or Ingleborough - or of Pen Hill - lower down the dale.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Gayle Limestone is seen in the village of the same name where we see a miniature version of Upper Aysgarth. The beck tumbles over steps of this distinctive dark grey limestone - the same bed as seen lower down the dale at the more famous falls. There are many crinoid and brachiopod fossils visible in this rock - and these can be seen easily under the bridge. Note the shale here being undercut in the dark slit just below the wall on the opposite side. Eventually the undercut will be so great that the slab of limestone will snap off causing the waterfall to retreat upstream.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Lovely view of Gayle Beck - with the Gayle Limestone of the Yordedale Series clearly displayed.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCOjk6gyZcYUqWMaNqOKdUUpm91MH877MPSOoY3rywfYm9Y-IOsGjPiSCTSnxGn56arXWrD7HbZJh_NN3InxrV_OeNgWRlAD13nNMSqM_9PGovp65PcLZ4YG68feSYCYByd2uOCjMBkwI/s1600/P1110734.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCOjk6gyZcYUqWMaNqOKdUUpm91MH877MPSOoY3rywfYm9Y-IOsGjPiSCTSnxGn56arXWrD7HbZJh_NN3InxrV_OeNgWRlAD13nNMSqM_9PGovp65PcLZ4YG68feSYCYByd2uOCjMBkwI/s640/P1110734.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The distinctive dark grey hue of the Gayle Limestone. A close up inspection reveals the hive of activity that went on in the warm sea when this rock was laid down. It is teeming with fossils.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">We move upstream and leave the Gayle Limestone behind, as we reach a very thick bed of shales, laid down when the sea was very shallow and muddy rivers dominated the deposition. Being so fragile, the shale erodes easily compared to the limestones and sandstones of the series.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The gap here between the Gayle Limestone and the next limestone in the sequence - the Hardraw Scar - is very wide; so much so that the shales and sandstones dominate for several hundred feet. Here at the lovely Aysgill Force the beck has cut through a strong lip of sandstone in the Yoredale Series and falls down a shale screen into a plunge pool gradually deepening. The Hardraw Scar Limestone is hidden on the hillside far up on the left. The Wensleydale waterfalls never fail to impress - and each as its own personality.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Take a stroll up to the force from Gayle - then combine your visit with a trip to Hardraw or Aysgarth. You are spoilt for choice in old Yoredale!</span></div>
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Stephen Oldfieldhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12530850075205687496noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7637858080003886362.post-4811173017440107852019-02-28T08:27:00.000-08:002019-02-28T11:46:48.175-08:00<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #6fa8dc; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;">Wensleydale Waterworks!</span></h2>
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<span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Waterfalls of Old Yoredale</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Wensleydale was not scoured just as deep by its glacier as neighbouring Bishopdale, and so a 'step' of limestone was left along the valley foor. This step, part of the Yoredale Series of limestones, sandstones and shales, is the major reason for the abundance of waterfalls .. some of which are spectacular indeed!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The 'Yoredale' series are named from the old name for Wensleydale - 'dale of the Yore or Ure' and are superbly seen along the length of this fine glaciated valley. About 320 million years ago in the late Carboniferous, fluctuating sea levels on a regular pattern produced this lovely 'sandwich cake' of rocks, well seen here at West Burton Force. At the top here can be seen Gayle limestone, one of the lowest limestone bands in the sequence, with sandstone and shale beneath. The sandstone and shale were formed when sea levels lowered to allow river deltas to wash in sands, gravels and muds. Once the sea level rose again for marine life to flourish, limestones were once again laid down.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The Yoredale series is well seen here at Penhill, as we drive from Bishopdale into Wensleydale. Each 'step' is a resistant layer of limestone, marking where shales and sandstones have been undercut beneath. The layers of limestone were named by lead miners in the past. The highest step here - the 'main' limestone, is the same as that seen just below the summits of the Three Peaks. The massive plinth of Great Scar Limestone on which Ingleborough sits is nowhere in sight here, being buried far beneath our feet, as the Dales rocks all rest on a foundation, the 'Askrigg Block' which dips to the north and hence hides the Great Scar Limestone in all but a few places. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Here at the lovely Cauldron Falls, at West Burton - we see two of the lower layers of limestone in the Yoredale Series well displayed. The beck falls over Gayle Limestone (named from the area of the dale in which it is prominent) and onto Hawes Limestone. The undercutting of thin shales and sandtones is forming a small cave to the left of the force. There are many fossils in both the limestone and shale beds here. The Hawes Limestone is famous as being the lowest in the Yoredale Series. The Great Scar Limestone (Forming the familiar Malham Cove and Gordale Scar) can't be too far below us here! </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Another view of the Cauldron Falls, showing the cliffs of Gayle Limestone and the undercutting of the shale/sandstone beds. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Beneath the overhang we have an interesting sandwich ....</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Thinly bedded sandstones and shales that seperate the Gayle Limestone (top) from the Hawes Limestone beneath my feet. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Regardless of any geology - the Cauldron Falls are there to be enjoyed. Turner loved them!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Nearby lie the most famous falls in the Dales at Aysgarth. These are the beautiful Upper Falls - best seen after heavy rain. This time the steps were formed in one kind of limestone - in this case the Gayle Limestone - when shale beds in between the limestone were cut back by the swirling water so the the limestone wedges above collapsed to to form the steps. Hope that makes sense! This is the major 'step' left by the Wensleydale glacier.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Here, the Ure falls over a major step caused by collapse of a block of limestone caused by undercutting of shale beneath; a splendid sight.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The Middle Falls at Aysgarth tumble over steps between the Gayle and Hawes limestones ...</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpQZNsTJsZ-7ANI5zbGKIzRJtm1o7ebKQOHJz1TlipabDhWepqV4NNNKjr_2V0DByBMrjPZENoOBdGaXDWf3UmiIGeI0qtxpxwOckgPalkkcGef25DxcYmD6Pm27_DeZuNYyRaJ85wK1k/s1600/P1110696.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpQZNsTJsZ-7ANI5zbGKIzRJtm1o7ebKQOHJz1TlipabDhWepqV4NNNKjr_2V0DByBMrjPZENoOBdGaXDWf3UmiIGeI0qtxpxwOckgPalkkcGef25DxcYmD6Pm27_DeZuNYyRaJ85wK1k/s640/P1110696.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">While finally - at the Lower Force ...</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjRRtc2Ub9gKwWtTv1EqB-PDd3VNrRdC1Mede_Q_cl62r-O1GjJ4dHZJxtpR_CrNr5IPA_386XBimvAYyODKtqR4-NxYwYd9xZ3mDIutbj6pI8waBWc9_bJRA5y9mvKbTdL_fVvHXsUbU/s1600/P1110694.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjRRtc2Ub9gKwWtTv1EqB-PDd3VNrRdC1Mede_Q_cl62r-O1GjJ4dHZJxtpR_CrNr5IPA_386XBimvAYyODKtqR4-NxYwYd9xZ3mDIutbj6pI8waBWc9_bJRA5y9mvKbTdL_fVvHXsUbU/s640/P1110694.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The Ure cascades spectacularly over the same Hawes Limestone we stood on at The Cauldron Falls. We reach the very base of the Yoredale Series. Hundreds of thousands of years from now this will be a great gorge worn down so that the hidden Great Scar Limestone beneath forms the valley sides. But we'll all be dead - so forget that!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Further west along the dale at Askrigg, we meet the beautiful Mill Gill Force. We are also in the higher layers of Yoredale limetones. In this case, the beck tumbles over Hardraw Scar Limestone, over sandstone and into a shale plunge pool. The complete cycle of three rocks in the sequence - formed by sea, river and thick mud - is called a <i>cyclothem</i>. This is one of the very best examples in Yorkshire.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYz8tYFjVyfCi7r1Hcc3EeYQbPInbaG5JA5SbvlFkd1qGUHBxlANqgO5e7y3xKImzH5YVFE1HIJnWzP_ukxNatrcG8xzoXquhJI1olPf4JZBqznJlv8NCR1TmsTc8OgnjrX1F4Fip1kb4/s1600/P1110637.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYz8tYFjVyfCi7r1Hcc3EeYQbPInbaG5JA5SbvlFkd1qGUHBxlANqgO5e7y3xKImzH5YVFE1HIJnWzP_ukxNatrcG8xzoXquhJI1olPf4JZBqznJlv8NCR1TmsTc8OgnjrX1F4Fip1kb4/s640/P1110637.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Mill Gill certainly deserves a visit along the well-marked path behind Askrigg church. In flood, it is one amazing wall of sound! </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Wensleydale abounds in stunning views. Here the stepped Yoredale Series is seen well below the legendary hill of Addlebrough.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCiCZJ4YuPHVQif36JryTNJAxzxXie6JGgWoCmNDObAOvayNhdPriNIZ30UTg6nhU8gc4XntTls6rKpWCiIq9YZEoo6zoGJh_Y3mUVlaHpBYVrKHukxykgj2LM9z4bq_xK1I-nqsVTq5I/s1600/P1110632.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCiCZJ4YuPHVQif36JryTNJAxzxXie6JGgWoCmNDObAOvayNhdPriNIZ30UTg6nhU8gc4XntTls6rKpWCiIq9YZEoo6zoGJh_Y3mUVlaHpBYVrKHukxykgj2LM9z4bq_xK1I-nqsVTq5I/s640/P1110632.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">In close up - it's an impressive sight - and one that beckons you to climb it!</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvwBtGKOjl5-283zYvYImswVFDupR_XhVQ_cqFWkhTenz2m3MgcRL6Dwv49FCYctJv5PejSfXUsIFxBbI-xJ57dyJsCrwtMXGJDeRn6KKawww4-z1dyK9Ki8TeXn6bMasjd4QhBem2h14/s1600/P1110633.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvwBtGKOjl5-283zYvYImswVFDupR_XhVQ_cqFWkhTenz2m3MgcRL6Dwv49FCYctJv5PejSfXUsIFxBbI-xJ57dyJsCrwtMXGJDeRn6KKawww4-z1dyK9Ki8TeXn6bMasjd4QhBem2h14/s640/P1110633.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Wensleydale does have its gentle side - as this view of the glaciated dale shows.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb4On_E4YWDHnWXr_N9vxvlOL99cEhypOrog7kCzmi3qzt4uyJSBrUWqJt1i7btl4H4QSGD-Eg21R9soMlI4X_9XgDJbsTmwpZEtPgyedoNF5yptNFi0JKUemgMbI-cWym1AJI8oqZT2E/s1600/P1110605.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb4On_E4YWDHnWXr_N9vxvlOL99cEhypOrog7kCzmi3qzt4uyJSBrUWqJt1i7btl4H4QSGD-Eg21R9soMlI4X_9XgDJbsTmwpZEtPgyedoNF5yptNFi0JKUemgMbI-cWym1AJI8oqZT2E/s640/P1110605.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">It also has its aggression - as any trip behind the Green Dragon pub at Hardraw quickly reveals ...</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxseHc1scuz3G8-dvKgcCmB-k2z1iq6Y3NuWMhwJjyt4L11vOvWLGkolgvCYKqhoxrJRmfiVfF4h9pdED8rhtXRLcjSKihMKO-sTGqrDfxpq2aqBl4GXLWsF0chKfpciWqTFOYupFCGx4/s1600/P1110629.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxseHc1scuz3G8-dvKgcCmB-k2z1iq6Y3NuWMhwJjyt4L11vOvWLGkolgvCYKqhoxrJRmfiVfF4h9pdED8rhtXRLcjSKihMKO-sTGqrDfxpq2aqBl4GXLWsF0chKfpciWqTFOYupFCGx4/s640/P1110629.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Here Hardraw Beck falls as the highest surface waterfall in England - Hardraw Force - nearly 100 feet over a single cyclothem of Hardraw Scar Limestone, sandstone and shale. The people to the right of the fall are standing on the soft shale bed.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7xMOsrJBkuqhstYomnG2Bd0mIP3EgzDQFZA5W3l2gjs7eXYnzE4z_7S3lZEg1MNg2pa6iAOeVNvEg-kiEgU-9EjWN8XcBDBrBJXVVV4cXaoB48VN6GtHpBxLH0XiEwtBGMGtz_CJzvl4/s1600/P1110617.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1067" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7xMOsrJBkuqhstYomnG2Bd0mIP3EgzDQFZA5W3l2gjs7eXYnzE4z_7S3lZEg1MNg2pa6iAOeVNvEg-kiEgU-9EjWN8XcBDBrBJXVVV4cXaoB48VN6GtHpBxLH0XiEwtBGMGtz_CJzvl4/s640/P1110617.JPG" width="426" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The overhang of Hardraw Scar Limestone is well seen here, with the sandstone gradually becoming shale at the plunge pool. This is a wonderful place, no matter what the water conditions.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2HAFBRuDeyrBlfwTBNYMMs3nf15AYJnxe45nMtcnd7s_GHF9u9tWiVL2OprbU3iTgypl-xKh_lKYnxvMZMff0vFeCuq1VBxsu53HFNZ1IZC00Tg74Z-ygLEjcjbAvOpDKXkVqx7Omoa8/s1600/P1110624.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1067" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2HAFBRuDeyrBlfwTBNYMMs3nf15AYJnxe45nMtcnd7s_GHF9u9tWiVL2OprbU3iTgypl-xKh_lKYnxvMZMff0vFeCuq1VBxsu53HFNZ1IZC00Tg74Z-ygLEjcjbAvOpDKXkVqx7Omoa8/s640/P1110624.JPG" width="426" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Classic view of Hardraw Force: worth every penny of the entrance fee. It lies on private land.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguHWwDfwy2IiXQc4eunWA12n0Bq8AiwZj2_RlWkXXry1CIt8koxFIxBz86Sn1LqsSBB-BSdf34HTFy4bwVO7h4ImXzESfzd9khl4fSnpxs_z7D3fR4fadFSQRjSg_RWEv-wRS9bDOVQ0o/s1600/P1110619.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguHWwDfwy2IiXQc4eunWA12n0Bq8AiwZj2_RlWkXXry1CIt8koxFIxBz86Sn1LqsSBB-BSdf34HTFy4bwVO7h4ImXzESfzd9khl4fSnpxs_z7D3fR4fadFSQRjSg_RWEv-wRS9bDOVQ0o/s640/P1110619.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">In winter, without the leaf cover - the rainbow in the spray is worth the trip alone. I was lucky today.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3OAPVIEeW2JKwRR1_l9g_a4TpxMcd9FwSSD_i8Bfoufg3pmYSkZKGbe-nEWtifbQmRl7_mkYEBMQLGUEXOsl756thueICvLf4vL7qcL8RB4_cGjyPa2ZO8_5ATqbtF36A1sfAcJcDiWU/s1600/P1110620.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3OAPVIEeW2JKwRR1_l9g_a4TpxMcd9FwSSD_i8Bfoufg3pmYSkZKGbe-nEWtifbQmRl7_mkYEBMQLGUEXOsl756thueICvLf4vL7qcL8RB4_cGjyPa2ZO8_5ATqbtF36A1sfAcJcDiWU/s640/P1110620.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Paint the whole world with a rainbow!</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGcaj4oVonjwQMClh8R5R3qOp1Yp0BQoZxCh9poOzRDm2jhzwCkddkexJ6VJewfAAJXwCufn0UuuX7cY5MgaoJcCZSEQEwRXCN9NnOvwiXmJqgBuD_s5ECG9hsVJfwYHjMVQ32iizcrDk/s1600/P1110609.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1067" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGcaj4oVonjwQMClh8R5R3qOp1Yp0BQoZxCh9poOzRDm2jhzwCkddkexJ6VJewfAAJXwCufn0UuuX7cY5MgaoJcCZSEQEwRXCN9NnOvwiXmJqgBuD_s5ECG9hsVJfwYHjMVQ32iizcrDk/s640/P1110609.JPG" width="426" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The classic 'cyclothem' of limestone, sandstone and shale. You couldn't see it better!</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgj7xvjPMrogCb9uTIxLcC43Y9FBC9rHLAHy9uOXZqJ88oGt1_RH4ZCid7cooUssl_XJycHmHmSbWegbTfudX8rk7glGn6laxAbKhZzURNLLM1HTlQH7wNDG03MIWUW5HO84KfWhS2QZvc/s1600/P1110580.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgj7xvjPMrogCb9uTIxLcC43Y9FBC9rHLAHy9uOXZqJ88oGt1_RH4ZCid7cooUssl_XJycHmHmSbWegbTfudX8rk7glGn6laxAbKhZzURNLLM1HTlQH7wNDG03MIWUW5HO84KfWhS2QZvc/s640/P1110580.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">And to finish the day - a visit to the stunning Cotter Force, just outside Hawes. This follows the same cyclothem as Hardraw Force, but the beds are closer together so we get an impressive series of steps in the river bed.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsPWJ1cyxMBsSHbQYuDr_0mxRGo2QDz8IOWR6xJNoy85BWzvR-VRDEes1vdTl8SeAfaeuUfCP3Uit3o9GLMuKNMe5lTQEuZpxMQ7QoiKJqe4R7cn-qOSPXoK9fVu6WUH4gBcDE9ZwRXug/s1600/P1110583.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsPWJ1cyxMBsSHbQYuDr_0mxRGo2QDz8IOWR6xJNoy85BWzvR-VRDEes1vdTl8SeAfaeuUfCP3Uit3o9GLMuKNMe5lTQEuZpxMQ7QoiKJqe4R7cn-qOSPXoK9fVu6WUH4gBcDE9ZwRXug/s640/P1110583.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The steps in the beds of shale are well seen. This is a place that has to be seen. Watch out for kingfishers!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">And that concludes our tour for now. Later in the year we'll complete our Wensleydale Waterworks survey with a visit to two more classic waterfalls that lie in this enchanting dale.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">For more information on geology - please visit my <a href="https://dalesrocks.org.uk/">Dales Rocks website </a> for the Yorkshire Dales National Park. </span></div>
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Stephen Oldfieldhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12530850075205687496noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7637858080003886362.post-50995966480387073942019-02-19T13:56:00.000-08:002019-10-14T05:06:40.612-07:00<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;">Fancarl Stone Circle - Antiquity Lost on the Moors </span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The Fancarl Stone Circle (SD064631) deserves to be much better know than it is. Tucked away in the eastern extremities of Wharfedale, this enigmatic site repays several visits to get a good understanding of what was going on here some 3500 years ago.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">It was a beautiful day when I visited. This sign points off the B6265 towards Grimwith Reservoir. Just further along the road towards Pateley Bridge is a mast - with the circle lying in a field just to the north; a two minute walk. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Stunning view back to the reef knolls of Kail Hill (centre in shadow) Elbolton (right) with Butter Haw and Stebden behind. These were once reefs separating shallow and deep water in a warm tropical sea. Elbolton is well known for its archaeological activity, and it is safe to say that these knolls played a part in the placing of the stone circle. The landscape itself may well have represented the Mother Goddess: a pregnant woman reclined on her back. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Here she is: a little beauty dating probably from the early Bronze Age. One stone appears to be naturally situated (top right).</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgG8lkrXjh1eTRIbVYeHBFYicU6hvU-ZdndSmzlYdgCzM1wqI3cI4P2YMiE-o2Ag9EKo6AEYUbih1i82lm7mDiWe7yKD8xnxFwPHU2HLAUhjs6XzDTSa7THBG84tLGMFSujM-uUw_oWT00/s1600/P1110473.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgG8lkrXjh1eTRIbVYeHBFYicU6hvU-ZdndSmzlYdgCzM1wqI3cI4P2YMiE-o2Ag9EKo6AEYUbih1i82lm7mDiWe7yKD8xnxFwPHU2HLAUhjs6XzDTSa7THBG84tLGMFSujM-uUw_oWT00/s640/P1110473.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">It is likely that this stone had great significance to the ancients - not only because it is larger than any other in the vicinity ...</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">And therefore served as a prominent marker for the other stones to be gathered round ... (note the lateral bandings which appear to be carved onto the stone in this photograph)</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgz_g6RFzd_gkXfSOP8JwN8i8YZEfmIhNs8mOfbIEvyvkOQ32BCcsvdk_ASff7xRNhWK97mkKR74HzSOU5PuJe2CkNQt0S2t6M16WdUA_AjEbGpO-8D1lP0j_zoCyPlUzZiIPbMaWaCA14/s1600/P1110472.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgz_g6RFzd_gkXfSOP8JwN8i8YZEfmIhNs8mOfbIEvyvkOQ32BCcsvdk_ASff7xRNhWK97mkKR74HzSOU5PuJe2CkNQt0S2t6M16WdUA_AjEbGpO-8D1lP0j_zoCyPlUzZiIPbMaWaCA14/s640/P1110472.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">But also because of the cup marks etched into the surface of this huge piece of gritstone. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Despite years of research and speculation - we are no nearer to knowing what cup marks were than were the Norse settlers who came into these parts some 2000 years after they were carved.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Me and the Fancarl stone - as I like to call it. </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgf4OWxitpQ5V-X_zJ3WubmqftVPSoO1OWAYB4soCHD9-CKxw-Jhmx4bE_mYzA4gkN2oRpVW0JXzWMMjczmTNOAOCgZaMCIr979H4xPJt9lChHtPe6G8ue4PSvrKgPcG0m_1opmMAfPzKo/s1600/P1110524.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgf4OWxitpQ5V-X_zJ3WubmqftVPSoO1OWAYB4soCHD9-CKxw-Jhmx4bE_mYzA4gkN2oRpVW0JXzWMMjczmTNOAOCgZaMCIr979H4xPJt9lChHtPe6G8ue4PSvrKgPcG0m_1opmMAfPzKo/s640/P1110524.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The cup marks are quite large compared to others in the Pennines.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Heading due north-east from the circle - in the direction of the summer sunrise - is another cup-marked stone; clearly important to this alignment....</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6sm2FL7oYXRvM2GsqF6yleze-upX5iSlTvFqOWWYSVkoJlElVr3Wk9VI6SED_kJHqbj4wqCZoJTpcuE2NIyQCBVkj9h2gk4jyNt4rXlDCoHxoSF7vyrE5lUtwJ637dUYmoxDlFHcL2yM/s1600/P1110505.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6sm2FL7oYXRvM2GsqF6yleze-upX5iSlTvFqOWWYSVkoJlElVr3Wk9VI6SED_kJHqbj4wqCZoJTpcuE2NIyQCBVkj9h2gk4jyNt4rXlDCoHxoSF7vyrE5lUtwJ637dUYmoxDlFHcL2yM/s640/P1110505.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">And, in the same line - this superb ring cairn (you can see the semi-circular curve of green grass just right of centre). I am more tempted to think of this as a Bronze Age burial cairn rather than a settlement. It is easily visible on aerial photographs.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Most fascinating of all - a few yards further on along that same summer sunrise line - is this ruined cairn ..</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The main stone has fallen but has been definitely shaped by early man - and probably marked the position of the rising sun as seen from the centre of the Fancarl circle. However, these stones may have been cleared and it is possible they don't lie in their original position.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">This shot shows the alignment using zoom. The fallen stone cairn in the foreground, the curve of the 'ring cairn' at centre - and the lovely stone circle beyond. What we have here is a sacred late Neolithic/early Bronze Age landscape known to very few.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">I looked around from the centre of the circle for anything that marked the setting sun - having transcribed an arc in the sky from the sunrise point. Sure enough, in the line of sight was this huge collapsed stone which appears to have faint cup marks and again has been considerably shaped for the purpose. It was nearly buried beneath the turf.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Another view with my mobile phone for scale. Perish the thought of this gadget near such a beautiful stone - but I didn't have a coin! I replaced the turf later to protect the stone.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The area oozes intrigue!! Look at this little beauty! Was it originally covered with a face or design? It has certainly been 'shaped' in some way. When I squint - I can see the faint outline of a head ...</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Very mysterious indeed! </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">To the north-west this group of stones marks another possible cairn.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Looking to the surrounding ring of the cairn from the rushes in the centre. There are many disused shafts on the moor which might be confused with prehistoric features - so care is needed - and a trained eye.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The circle itself has six stones visible - with others hidden below the springy turf. The views all around are sensational. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Looking south-east - Fancarl Circle - near Appletreewick.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">A place to sit and reflect on what life really means - and on what the people of the past were thinking.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Stephen x</span></div>
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Stephen Oldfieldhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12530850075205687496noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7637858080003886362.post-30539168068714433942019-02-13T07:47:00.002-08:002019-02-14T23:07:56.619-08:00<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;">Chapel-le-Dale (Settle to Ingleton Triangle Part Two)</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Having topped up the tank at Ribblehead (mine - not the car's!), I drove down Chapel-le-Dale feeling, as ever - all nostalgic. With views of Ingleborough opening up like the one above - I was well and truly hooked in ...</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">A few miles south of Ribblehead, just past the old school house, this enticing lane opens up on the right. I first turned down this old Roman road as a seven year old back in the seventies, and have been captivated ever since. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The lovely former vicarage of Nether Glen, backed by Ingleborough, is one of the most painted scenes in the Dales. The mountain sits like an extinct volcano on its plinth of limestone and looks much bigger than its 2337 feet would suggest. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Nether Glen is everyone's dream home - but even greater delights lie in the vicinity. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The exquisite little church of St. Leonard was built in the mid 16th century at an important meeting place of several routes, when the dale was known as 'Wyersdale' or 'Wiersdall'. Interestingly, it lies close to an area of ancient activity where the nearby caves and potholes may well have had significance for early pagans - as did the summit and lower slopes of Ingleborough. Hurtle Pot - behind the church, was the reputed home of an infamous boggart. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The porch is a relatively recent addition.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">There are two graveyards, on each side side of the lane. Christopher Francis Drake Long (1902-24) the discoverer of White Scar Cave, lays at rest here. He died in suspicious circumstances just a year after his great discovery. Suicide was suspected; his great goal having been achieved, for him, perhaps too early. He was prone to bouts of depression. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Weathercote is a fine old country house not far from the church, and reached by a gated lane from the main road. Until recently it was the home of the late Mrs Mary Bazeley, who died at the grand old age of 108. She attended church, remained active until her final year and even baked her own bread. I corresponded with her when I was writing 'A Three Peaks Up and Under' and met her on several occasions. Weathercote just doesn't seem Weathercote without this amazing lady. I still have her immaculate, hand-written letters which are like a work of art in themselves. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The house now has a new owner. The magnificent cave in the grounds was the first ever showcave in the Yorkshire Dales - until 1971, when a caver was killed by a falling rock. This tragedy meant the cave was closed to the public, though Mrs Bazeley did allow walkers and botanists access with special permission. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The current owner has a placed a sensible warning. 'Steep drops and deep water - enter this site at your own risk.' You never know, one day - he may re-open the cave for visitors. There were no hard hats, waterproofs and wellies for the countless Georgian and Victorian tourists who descended into the depths. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The impressive Weathercote Cave - more correctly a pothole - is 180 feet long, 45 feet wide and nearly 100 feet deep. It is split in two by a bridge of rock. This was probably the original entrance to the cave before roof collapse exposed the open hole that we see today. Visitors could either be satisfied with a view of the waterfall from the 'bridge' - or descend a series of steps and clamber underneath for an awe-inspiring spectacle: the finest above ground in the Three Peaks, described by Harry Speight as 'without rival in England.' I often wonder if ancient man knew this cave as the open pot we see now - or if it was covered 4000 - 5000 years ago. Surely it must have been of great significance.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">This is a view of the bridge from the west side, showing the moss covered limestone. In exceptional floods the entire hole fills to the brim and overflows down the valley past the house!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The bridge viewed from the lip of the shaft on the north-west side. Here it can be seen how a visitor must scramble down the boulders of a collapsed ceiling to reach the bottom of the hole.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Weathercote Cave from the opposite side to the house - showing a normally dry stream channel on the left which is only active in times of flood. Turner sat beneath the wall (in the background) to paint the cave in flood in the early 19th century. Wordsworth was also captivated. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">This is the point where the normally dry stream channel plunges into the pothole in high flood. An unusual picture from an angle I haven't seen before. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The old entrance to the cave, from inside the perimeter wall. Visitors in the 1960s paid 6d at the house for a key. Back in the 30s the owner even offered ham and eggs to visitors. I remember Mrs Bazeley handing me the ancient key (it was huge and very old) and I was thinking 'wonder if Wordsworth and Turner held this?' Wishful thinking!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">For the first time ever - a life line has been tied onto a tree, so now it is much safer to descend the crumbling steps, many of which have been washed away by flooding over the years.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The steps are steep and the line is a welcome aid to the descent. No doubt they were once in pristine condition. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">On the descent, several side passages are noticed. Here, tufa is forming on the moss as the lime rich water trickles from a small cave.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The walls show evidence of former floors to the cave, dating back many thousands of years. A fine example can be seen in the centre of this picture.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The heart races with the sheer cacophony of sound ahead, as a peep under the bridge reveals the column of white water streaming into the cave. Note the flood debris rammed into the crack just right of top centre.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The bridge itself is a mass of fault breccia. A fault is reason for this pothole's formation, as water rushes from one bedding plane, falls down a fault guided joint, and once again disappears underground.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Close up of the structure of the bridge.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Emerging at last from the bridge - after watching every footstep - we are met with the 77 foot waterfall in all its glory, and the massive wedged boulder known as Mohammed's Coffin; further evidence of roof collapse. The water sinks into masses of cobbles and continues its underground route to God's Bridge, at the base of the limestone.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">This is, in my opinion, the finest waterfall in the Yorkshire Dales - and I've seen them all. Yes - even better than Hardraw and Thornton Force; even better than Catrigg and Aysgarth. It is the unique situation that makes it special. This is like a scene from <i>The Lord of the Rings. </i>The combination of depth, moss covered limestone and grotesque 'faces' in the walls of the shaft, coupled with incredible sound and vibration, really serve to numb the senses. It's an absolute classic.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">This is a view in better light from a few years ago. Look at that grumpy old fella to the right of the fall! And can you see that sleepy chap on the left with the rather blunt looking chin?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Today, though, it was a bit dull weatherwise - and the spray in the air made photography difficult. Come here just after mid-day in the sun, and a superb rainbow arches over the scene; something I'm aiming to capture on camera. See the tree trunk wedged above Mohammed's Coffin? ...</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Well here it is from above, looking 100 feet down into the shaft. The flood that moved that tree trunk must have been incredible. It hasn't moved for several years now.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Leaving the adrenalin behind, we encounter far gentler views in the vicinity. Weathercote is a botanist's heaven.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Peeping through the trees at the lovely old house. What would you give to live here?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The flora at Nether Glen is usually equally impressive. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Back at the church for a look at the millenium plaque to the many who lost their lives building the Ribblehead viaduct.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">There's another one inside the church. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">St Leonard's is beautiful simplicity. You've got to see it. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Finally it was into Ingleton. This is the long disused viaduct that brought travellers in the early 19th century for the first time. They would take carriages to Weathercote Cave ...</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Inglesport for a well earned brew after all that climbing about in holes!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The quaint little main street of Ingleton with the 'old sweet shoppe' - another 'must visit' if you get chance.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">And finally, Ingleton Church - where Wainwright famously met Betty for his first date! A church built more or less on the line of the South Craven Fault, which explains problems with the foundations, and the steep drop taken by the road alongside into the valley below.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">See you again soon</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Stephen x</span></div>
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Stephen Oldfieldhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12530850075205687496noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7637858080003886362.post-76332813981937465802019-02-12T14:51:00.001-08:002019-02-12T15:17:26.466-08:00<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;">The Three Peaks Revisited: Settle to Ingleton Triangle (Part One)</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>Where on earth have you been?</i> That has been the message from many far and wide. Almost two years since a post? What's going on? Well - I'm not dead - you'll be glad to know. I've been engaged in producing the <span style="color: yellow;">Ingleborough Rocks website</span> for the National Park, recovering from an annoying illness (bit by bit) and, after seeing my three fledglings flee the nest - wallowing in empty nest syndrome and all that goes with it, as well as looking after two elderly parents with their own problems. Such is life, but anyway - back to basics. This week I re-acquainted myself with the Three Peaks. Unable to do a monster walk - I eased back in gradually with a pensioner's type outing in the trusty brum brum round the 'triangle' that makes up the roads around Ingleborough. You know how it is ... I felt like a newcomer - so if you are on holiday up here in the good old north and experiencing your first peek at the big three, and the weather's naff - follow me on this adventure for your first mouthful of the Dales. If you enjoy it - you might even want to read my book 'A Three Peaks Up and Under' or even explore the rocky stuff on the Dales Rocks website ...</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Where better to start than good old Settle? This is my favourite town in the whole of England. It has a maze of lovely passages and great architecture, as well as being surrounded by a landscape where meeting a T Rex would seem quite possible. The food at the Naked Man is worth a trip from the south coast - especially the Yorkshire puds. This, by the way, is the Town Hall, seen through the Naked Man window with a mouthful of millionaire's shortbread and a brew. George Webster of Kendall, its designer, must have been a clever bloke. It was built in 1832 when there was a bit of a gothic revival in Settle.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Oh, I almost forgot. When you park up and go for a first wee - there's this lovely sign on the side of the ladies' toilets. Just be careful when taking a picture, because you know what this world is like. I didn't half get some strange looks. Anyway, to the lady who scowled at me, it's nothing more than this, love. I do wish they would put it in a more dignified spot!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">This is the finest building in Settle. The Folly - which was first introduced to me years ago by Mr Wainwright. Built in about 1675 - I bet it's 'wick' with ghostly goings on, as they say here in Lancashire, and I certainly wouldn't like to walk in there at midnight.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">It's countenance is rather beautiful though. There was a rumour it was called the Folly as Richard Preston, it's builder, 'ran out of brass' before completing it, but that has been said to be far fetched as he was rolling in it, apparently. Maybe it's because no use was found for the building for years and years. These days it's a wonderful museum. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Upper Settle is reached by walking beyond the Folly. It's like stepping back into a long lost era. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Even today you can snap a picture or two with very little sign of metal boxes on wheels.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Albert Hill was renamed in Victorian times - probably linked to the exploration of Victoria and Albert caves after their discovery in 1838.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">This area, known as the Green - is like a separate village in itself.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">No matter where you wander in Settle, antiquity is with you. That's why I love it.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The best place name? Why it's got to be Constitution Hill!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">There are many yards to peep into - almost biblical to look at.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Peeping into the Shambles: not as famous as the York version, but every bit as fascinating. It was originally a market hall with barrel vaulted cellars, being built around the same time as the Folly. A slaughter house and many butchers' shops once occupied the building. Thankfully today's usage is much more pleasant.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Only trouble is - you can never get a picture without a brum brum. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The architecture is something to marvel at, though.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The great rock of Castleberg dominates the town. Here, limestone downthrown by the Mid Craven Fault has had its covering layers of younger rocks removed by erosion, and the rock itself has been 'trimmed' off by glaciation to leave the stark object we see today. There are many climbing routes up it and the view from the top is sensational. I'll take you up in a later post as it deserves full attention.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">This also deserves full attention - and usually gets it from me. The right hand side of the Naked Man was built as an inn - round about 1663. The figure on the wall above the door is not in fact 'in the altogether.' The name is believed to be a satire on men's clotthing styles of the period - when they were anything but naked and it might have taken an hour to undress - let alone have a wee!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The left hand section probably dates from the early 19th century. If you go in - get the gravy filled Yorkshire puddings. They are addictive. Not a good place if you want to lose weight. Go in before a walk - and not after. I've been known to fall asleep in here. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Whether dressed or not - he holds the date where he might have been expected to hold it in 1663. For those who like to pursue naked types - the Naked Woman is on a house in nearby Langcliffe, but if you go noseying don't mention it was me that sent you.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">One of the many alleyways leading down behind the Naked Man. Cracking bookshop too.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Taking a leisurely drive up Ribblesdale - we catch sight of Smearsett Scar peeping up at us on the left.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">This wonderful hill can seem like an alpine peak on some days. It looks over a landscape littered with prehistoric and Iron Age remains. Search my blog and you'll see I rather love the place.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Foredale quarry, a mile or so further on - contains the famous 'unconformity' where horizontal layers of Great Scar Limestone rest on basement siltstones and Horton flagstones of Silurian age. You can see the division here quite clearly. The line marking the separation of the two rocks marks the former surface of the earth for over 70 MILLION years before the limestones were laid down in a shallow tropical sea when we were basking somewhere near the equator. Think of that and wonder how miniscule our own little lifespans are.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">You can't go along Ribblesdale without getting a pic of the Lion of Ribblesdale, can you? It annoys me now that many walkers abbreviate her to PYG. That lovely old name abbreviated to three bloody letters! Mr Wainwright must be turning in his sleep up on Haystacks at the very thought ..! I'm with you, Alf, lad ...</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">How can you mess with the name of this beauty? The 'Hill of the Winds' she always will be.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Now then: Selside is a place that doesn't often get photographed as there is nowhere to park and folk are usually rushing to get to the showpieces. It is a place I love even as much as Settle. The building with the old Queen Vic letter box gets me every time. Marie Hartley and Joan Ingilby, in their classic 'Yorkshire Dales', mention that Selside once had a 'town hall' which 'now looks more like a derelict barn' and was once a 'gathering place for the men.' I'm assuming this distinctive building is the one. Far cry from Leeds town hall, isn't it? There was once even a tiny school here for 15 children (see it behind the phone box?) - and a Cheese Fair held every year on 24th June!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The colours of this ancient 'village' - both natural and man-made - are a welcome relief from the dull browns of the surrounding moorland. Selside's name comes from the old Norse, meaning 'sallow shieling' - or 'the farm by the willows'. It was a small Norse settlement at the time of the Domesday Book. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">I also love this ancient ash tree and the view beyond it to Penyghent.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">As English here as you can get. How out of place would bluetooth be? You get the feeling, when you're this remote - that even the post is a novelty. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Those colours again. In Selside, everything looks about to topple over. It's marvellously quaint.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The tiny village is nationally famous, of course, as the home of Alum Pot. My legs weren't even up to the walk up to it today, so I wandered round the buildings with my camera - only you never see a soul here to give you funny looks. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Beyond, on the left, we reach the wilds of North Ribblesdale and the 'basket of eggs' topography of the famous drumlin field.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">These cute, smooth, asymmetircal hills with one long side and one blunt side - are always aligned along the axis of moving ice and are clearly associated with glaciers, but there are as many theories to how they formed as there are drumlins in England. I was always taught that sluggish ice bulldozed material over boulders, but ...</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">These bovines are still discussing it! 'It wasn't those big ones that you did a few years ago, was it, Daisy?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">As we reach Ribblehead, we see the lower half of the beautiful Thorns Gill, flashing silver in the landscape.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Then the biggest of the three comes into view: Whernside, at 2419 feet. This view to me, in a car, usually means only one thing ...</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Food! And at Ribblehead there is usually a brilliant bacon butty van - or plenty of nice brown grass if you're vegetarian. There's also the great view of the 24 arch viaduct, built in dreadful conditions in the late 19th century ... </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Brew time view as I munched a butty half way down Chapel-le-Dale, thinking 'it's great to be back' - and I'll show you my next stop tomorrow. Nighty night!</span></div>
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Stephen Oldfieldhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12530850075205687496noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7637858080003886362.post-989835303795609942017-03-03T14:55:00.002-08:002017-03-03T14:58:21.331-08:00<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;">The Three Peaks on a Late Autumn Afternoon</span></h2>
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<span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Intricate Details in November Light</span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The late afternoon light, 15 minutes before sunset - captured the great glaciated valley of <span style="color: lime;">Chapel-le-Dale</span> perfectly as I continued my research into the Ingleborough rocks.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Here, zoomed in from Thornton - you can clearly see the Falls Foot Landslip in the Yoredale Series making up the cone of Ingleborough.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Earlier I'd visited Settle - my favourite town, backed by the impressive High Hill.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: lime;">High Hill</span> is composed of reef limestone. It was effectively a barrier separating shallow water at top left from deeper water on the right, 330 million years ago, that is!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Evidence of glaciation: the flat-floored Ribblesdale, near Horton.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: lime;">Penyghent</span> dominates Ribblesdale like a great slumbering lion.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The great <span style="color: lime;">Drumlin Field</span> of North Ribblesdale. Glacial debris smoothed over by ice - but to be honest, no one can entirely agree how drumlins were formed.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The great viaduct of Batty Green at Ribblehead, backed by <span style="color: lime;">Whernside</span> - the highest point in Yorkshire.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Looking across glacial drift to the hamlet of Chapel-le-Dale.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The wonderful pavements of Southerscales, Ingleborough's finest.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">It's often described as unimpressive - but certainly from here Whernside appears majestic.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: lime;">Southerscales</span> pavements looking north to Ribblehead.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">A lonely tree on the pavements is always worth a picture.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The edge of the pavements - with weathered blocks of limestone.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Ingleborough from Thornton in Lonsdale.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Chapel-le-Dale - showing the magnificent glaciated trench, captured in the early evening light.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #6aa84f;">Even the skies joined in the artistry this afternoon.</span></div>
Stephen Oldfieldhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12530850075205687496noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7637858080003886362.post-19197196672348572872016-10-23T06:28:00.000-07:002016-10-23T10:21:11.472-07:00<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;">Above Twisleton Scars</span></h2>
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<span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The Legacy of Retreating Ice</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">A stroll behind St. Leonards' Church at <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Chapel-le-Dale</span> leads to Britain's most spectacular limestone pavement.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Twisleton Scars</span> on the west side of Chapel-le-Dale, where different strengths in the beds of Great Scar Limestone have resulted in a series of steps in the landscape.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjD4vtbS41Q-GumSu5rwpPuNiRAIcPdg6Nz0pjGdec7PYUZk7itGh1EHSE-dJjWy6oHUauoAuyWLxKJjOnc-LvgX4IyI9Ls69gf2LFDaaH7frdLLbK2l5Z7QFiK5sNkUlGMlOBIIN0oKRo/s1600/IMG_0853.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjD4vtbS41Q-GumSu5rwpPuNiRAIcPdg6Nz0pjGdec7PYUZk7itGh1EHSE-dJjWy6oHUauoAuyWLxKJjOnc-LvgX4IyI9Ls69gf2LFDaaH7frdLLbK2l5Z7QFiK5sNkUlGMlOBIIN0oKRo/s640/IMG_0853.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The Scars are bissected by a series of faults. They form a beautiful panorama.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">St. Leonard's Church, Chapel-le-Dale - rustic and perfect in the landscape.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4v3HXxYzWY_r2WEhZhVKyVPmjA9l3SOW0LJgHNX3iHMo4-j2BhH2dFUoo0B7Hk0OTL45P-VFw4hz9-LmPmkh9IbhgOSNrnxu3WrXLP_pHRTMEHnDg-v0U-v1pge3EfO_E-fMRxXemoKo/s1600/IMG_0859.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4v3HXxYzWY_r2WEhZhVKyVPmjA9l3SOW0LJgHNX3iHMo4-j2BhH2dFUoo0B7Hk0OTL45P-VFw4hz9-LmPmkh9IbhgOSNrnxu3WrXLP_pHRTMEHnDg-v0U-v1pge3EfO_E-fMRxXemoKo/s640/IMG_0859.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Behind the church are windows into the normally subterranean <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Chapel Beck</span>. This is <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Jingle Pot</span> - one example, and so called because of the noises pebbles make when thrown into the depths.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Nearby is the famous<span style="color: #6aa84f;"> Weathercote Cave</span> - where <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Chapel Beck</span> plunges to basement level out of one flooded cave - and into another. The magnificent waterfall emerges behind the great wedged boulder of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Mohammed's Coffin</span>.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Weathercote Cave</span>: note the variety of faces in the rock, overlooking the awe-inspiring scene.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">As we walk up the lane past the church, we encounter the eerie statue, created by Charles L'Anson.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The plaque says it all. The Hurtle Pot Boggart getting a honourable mention.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Alternative view of the Statue.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Whernside looks great as we move onto the plateau of Scales Moor.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Typical Dales limestone walling.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Gritstone boulder - one of hundreds of erratics resting on the limestone pavements, left behind by the ice retreat 11,000 years ago.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The pavements become ever more spectacular, as does the backdrop.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Ingleborough towers over the landscape.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7jvZ2BI2ZxGpF6UAP53I-n_VsCwQrH7JFAhm1KMSB3ZihvuPrfUYjPttTq4W9vHoG7x-eV5GZLYAZjCDuTNNoFNI9Xgzq4LsxDQhDHtuDST4OCsUVj4cO_UU8Wfg7HjKmnXFinpvq9QE/s1600/IMG_0958.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7jvZ2BI2ZxGpF6UAP53I-n_VsCwQrH7JFAhm1KMSB3ZihvuPrfUYjPttTq4W9vHoG7x-eV5GZLYAZjCDuTNNoFNI9Xgzq4LsxDQhDHtuDST4OCsUVj4cO_UU8Wfg7HjKmnXFinpvq9QE/s640/IMG_0958.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">My two obliging daughters add a sense of scale.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The pavements of Scales Moor.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Towards the north end, away from the North Craven Fault, the clints are larger - being more broken towards the fault line.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8gMhWbCgjxCT_Pfqn-I8SisKQHzGPVSkYv1XzCX3dalchAXVYzB9IFJV71RRd3QNdVZ1fQuOqvJmDv-aYmjkhiut9HCNuOgm2yGY6xplxnOOYv5qw4Szlq039YOclbWrgxOu1KSFvpLQ/s1600/IMG_0969.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8gMhWbCgjxCT_Pfqn-I8SisKQHzGPVSkYv1XzCX3dalchAXVYzB9IFJV71RRd3QNdVZ1fQuOqvJmDv-aYmjkhiut9HCNuOgm2yGY6xplxnOOYv5qw4Szlq039YOclbWrgxOu1KSFvpLQ/s640/IMG_0969.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Limestone sculpture.</span></div>
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Beautifully weather-worn sandstone erratic.</div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Looking across Chapel-le-Dale at the old quarry exposing the basement rocks beneath the Great Scar Limestone.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuwEAqmj1l3Gc6193aLFlh9MXLnbuJgKSkx5A3t7iWKP712E6UCdrEo5-3A8__sTNRJhxtP16lQINuzqSlTP5h5AtyyCuBcKP83oGVId4wmHJpPqjMVxNbI4YnubztUzNfs3E9u4BvIlo/s1600/IMG_0986.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuwEAqmj1l3Gc6193aLFlh9MXLnbuJgKSkx5A3t7iWKP712E6UCdrEo5-3A8__sTNRJhxtP16lQINuzqSlTP5h5AtyyCuBcKP83oGVId4wmHJpPqjMVxNbI4YnubztUzNfs3E9u4BvIlo/s640/IMG_0986.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The basement rocks exposed.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">These rocks are 500 million years old!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Ingleborough</span> sits on a massive plinth of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Great Scar Limestone</span> - laid down in a tropical sea 340 million years ago. What a view this is - the best of the mountain in my opinion.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgya0j3DJpZzXQyzdRARQ9StXCXC_ZePhmPwZWQlU89KC24DSaWg8c9U6cYVEHE513d1kBQvCkMHIzqbLS1279sWiEAwVRZ24bCSEXLVOWpqvFTNJ-NBa1oaOX12CNRMOJ_1l1FddoGLY/s1600/IMG_1006.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgya0j3DJpZzXQyzdRARQ9StXCXC_ZePhmPwZWQlU89KC24DSaWg8c9U6cYVEHE513d1kBQvCkMHIzqbLS1279sWiEAwVRZ24bCSEXLVOWpqvFTNJ-NBa1oaOX12CNRMOJ_1l1FddoGLY/s640/IMG_1006.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">I can never quite decide on the best photograph. Just one awesome place. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Sunlight catches the limestone superbly.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Boulder clay deposited by the glacier - smothers the pavements to the extreme north of the plateau.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">He was having none of it!</span></div>
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<span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: medium;">Twisleton Scars: the pavement lie on top, and Whernside can be seen popping up on the right.</span></div>
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Stephen Oldfieldhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12530850075205687496noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7637858080003886362.post-11229157641543065032015-06-20T09:50:00.003-07:002015-06-20T09:53:56.035-07:00<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-large;">Great Whernside</span></h2>
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<span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Wharfedale at its Wildest</span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Great Whernside</span>, at 2310 feet, is not as high as 'Whernside' itself - but far more splendid as a mountain. It is Wharfedale's highest spot - and today I set off to climb it the classic way, from Kettlewell via the Tor Dyke.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Here's a typical Wharfedale barn near <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Kilnsey</span> - heading up the dale.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Kilnsey Crag</span> is Yorkshire's most famous truncated spur. The end of a protruding nose of limestone was effectively trimmed off by the Wharfedale Glacier some 12,000 years ago. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The overhang has always been a serious challenge for climbers.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">From <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Kettlewell</span>, an old lead mining village - I wandered up the ancient Top Mere Road, with a fine view down the dale towards Kilnsey Crag and the distant Cracoe Fell.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #3d85c6;">Kettlewell</span> nestles in the dale: a cluster of cottages beneath the limestone terraces.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Peeping through this interesting old gate on the right, Great Whernside's massive sprawl dominated the landscape, passing in and out of shadow.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">I loved this particular view - with the clouds parting to generously allow light to spread over Wharfedale.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">A massive apron of Great Scar Limestone can be seen here to the west of the mountain, cut by two very obvious meltwater gills: <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Caseker Gill </span>on the left - and <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Dowbergill</span> over on the right. The two are infamously connected underground by <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Dowbergill Passage</span> - a confusing two dimensional maze that has baffled - and trapped - many a caver. I'll take you in one day.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The gills of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Great Whernside</span> are well worth exploring in their own right. This view is of Hay Tonge Farm, with <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Caseker Gill</span> and <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Park Gills</span> splitting the limestone to the left.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The sun has arrived at last - and what a road to paradise Top Mere can appear to be at times like this.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Zoom into a lone walker - lost in his own thoughts, heading into Wharfedale.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Fossilised worm casts on the path. At first they look like ancient carvings!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">As the path swings to the east we meet the impressive Iron Age earthworks of the<span style="color: #6aa84f;"> Tor Dyke</span>. Reputedly created by the Brigantian leader Venutius in about AD 70 against the Romans, it basically follows the contours of the hillside and presumably tried to prevent attacks from the valley below. You can spend hours exploring this and it is certainly one of the best archaeological sites in Yorkshire.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Earth has been banked up to fortify the already stepped contours of the hillside.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">View from the <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Tor Dyke</span> down <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Fears Gill Beck</span> - a great name. Perhaps the Romans approached up this - bringing more than a few fears with them!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The ramparts of the <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Tor Dyke </span>are very impressive.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Here's some idea of what it might be like as a Brigantian warrior ...!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">A great view opens up along the tail of <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Great Whernside</span> - sweeping across the fell to the cute summit of <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Little Whernside</span>. This is wild country - but breathtaking in its beauty.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This view is looking south-east along the ramparts of <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Tor Dyke</span> with the gritstone uplands of <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Great Whernside</span> sweeping down to the valleys below.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This view looks along the length of <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Tor Dyke</span>. The gills would have provided natural defence - so this huge open sweep was vulnerable and needed a lot of work !!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">A fabulous view of the ramparts of <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Tor Dyke</span>, with Wharfedale far below.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Looking east across <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Tor Dyke</span> to <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Great Whernside</span>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Looking back to the west - the fortification becomes even more obvious.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">And our final view of the dyke - from its ramparts down the intersecting gills leading into Wharfedale.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Leaving the dyke behind - we head up onto the steep Yoredale slopes of <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Great Whernside</span> itself - and the first gritstone boulders begin to show.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The slope is unrelentingly steep - but the views across get better with every step. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">It's another world as we pull ourselves onto the summit ridge at <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Blackfell Crags</span>. Here we meet moorland birds such as the dunlin - surprisingly plucky despite the approaching Oldfield!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">One or two lonely, peaty tarns shimmer with a deep blueness on the mountain top.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Views open up to the east with <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Penyghent</span> and the cap of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Ingleborough</span> becoming more prominent. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Then, at <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Blackfell Rocks</span> - the summit ridge of <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Great Whernside</span> is the give away to its name: the Old English <i>cweorn side </i>meaning 'the hillside where millstones were got.' The gritstone here was formed by rivers washing gravels into a shallow sea in the late Carboniferous. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Everywhere the scene is spectacular.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This precariously balanced bed of Grassington Grit contains the 'Old Man' - but can you spot him?</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUzrWO0TlcKax688ZJsRxe7uQ97i2pCGfNImjPfcyywXsTih4ESx4Qje2ZOY1qv79se3owaToOZz-qF5SsIgUDNyj5mcU_ddxwZLRiljsVtgae16sovJIAe3Qf7zeFnO4we-Z42cgg7a4/s1600/IMG_5258.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUzrWO0TlcKax688ZJsRxe7uQ97i2pCGfNImjPfcyywXsTih4ESx4Qje2ZOY1qv79se3owaToOZz-qF5SsIgUDNyj5mcU_ddxwZLRiljsVtgae16sovJIAe3Qf7zeFnO4we-Z42cgg7a4/s640/IMG_5258.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Attempt at a self portrait. Actually the fifth attempt as the wind was constantly blowing the camera over - hence my annoyed look!</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3tBdgSXBfcC1_Swomp6S5H0IJ89asjEaeNbMYtn4_aVY6nFXZyXFRfKVEu5B4MFzIPIFfOhWUExQ_XyjMOD8lUyPIJRbBrwU2WZARHCzLlTomRPrs_r3bjZ0t_EzwDUh0uFbKY90WaGg/s1600/IMG_5260.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3tBdgSXBfcC1_Swomp6S5H0IJ89asjEaeNbMYtn4_aVY6nFXZyXFRfKVEu5B4MFzIPIFfOhWUExQ_XyjMOD8lUyPIJRbBrwU2WZARHCzLlTomRPrs_r3bjZ0t_EzwDUh0uFbKY90WaGg/s640/IMG_5260.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Looking north towards <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Great Hunters Sleets</span> and <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Buckden Pike</span>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Old Man of Great Whernside</span> - complete with cap, prominent nose and shadow moustache.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">He looks like some grumpy farmer scanning the landscape for a lost sheep!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">See if you can spot him by wandering off the path into the superb rock formations. He's well worth it.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIzwiT5C8msj9TjcCkYmlhTxWNIvkmViRITlpedMA-gcVLivsJtJGKiwMUacy4baKhCwZwsAs8nqnoL38u6gldIRC0a7lKkIxF1HltCps7Zztb5Psm7NrBUKzyfEdf27DQwa50PsgskcE/s1600/IMG_5269.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIzwiT5C8msj9TjcCkYmlhTxWNIvkmViRITlpedMA-gcVLivsJtJGKiwMUacy4baKhCwZwsAs8nqnoL38u6gldIRC0a7lKkIxF1HltCps7Zztb5Psm7NrBUKzyfEdf27DQwa50PsgskcE/s640/IMG_5269.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Looking back at <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Blackfell Rocks</span>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Erosion has caused some wonderful rock sculpture.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The well-worn wind shelter on the summit of <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Great Whernside</span> - 2310 feet above the sea - and still effective against the westerlies at least ...</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">I call these two monster boulders 'Adam and Eve' - and why not? Stand on top for a sensational view.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilvhJWAUdKK_zEC71n3T89DUCDQnxzKNHjUk8hjoMEL2TyjW0ZRszSGcCicocfjoYfwTKJqWC1yBY1-kLLdnJeVJiaJZ_ggN7B9XCvM38uIsGsfEXo5s1aPgkcdh8JYcAql7tneUkj570/s1600/IMG_5283.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilvhJWAUdKK_zEC71n3T89DUCDQnxzKNHjUk8hjoMEL2TyjW0ZRszSGcCicocfjoYfwTKJqWC1yBY1-kLLdnJeVJiaJZ_ggN7B9XCvM38uIsGsfEXo5s1aPgkcdh8JYcAql7tneUkj570/s640/IMG_5283.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Here they are - amidst a chaotic jumble of boulders.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Great Whernside</span> summit rocks have some lovely striations caused by wave and wind action.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Top of the world - or so it seems.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The summit of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Great Whernside</span>.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEWyBkS6QAN0UQaJofTiRjT74acG_yNexSXcp0YMs3UOcVaTv22fYar3gd0ybHuCTcHE5fPbLjH8jlh2N5Pb0whSjAwf5H85FXlJSPluu9UmBJg3Jc4Pq2x318-IlPQZAxMF668ZgJGAg/s1600/IMG_5293.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="432" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEWyBkS6QAN0UQaJofTiRjT74acG_yNexSXcp0YMs3UOcVaTv22fYar3gd0ybHuCTcHE5fPbLjH8jlh2N5Pb0whSjAwf5H85FXlJSPluu9UmBJg3Jc4Pq2x318-IlPQZAxMF668ZgJGAg/s640/IMG_5293.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Another self portrait - hugging the trig point on the summit.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">These feet were made for walking - but not at this point - more like a snooze under the sky.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Reptilian rock, like the face of a giant prehistoric flying reptile, as I head off the summit.</span></div>
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G<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">lancing back up to the summit from the path down to <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Dowbergill</span>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">An old bell pit by <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Dowbergill </span>- a primitive form of lead mining from centuries ago.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #3d85c6;">Dowbergill</span> is an impressive ravine cut out of the Great Scar Limestone - and containing the old Providence Lead Mine. The pothole of the same name follows <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Dowbergill Passage</span> to Dow Cave, in <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Caseker Gill</span> to the north.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">A view up the ravine of <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Dowbergill</span> with <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Great Whernside</span> watching over all.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Portrait of <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Great Whernside</span> and <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Dowbergill</span> - well worth a wander up in its own right.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">A glimpse down <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Dowbergill</span> towards <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Kettlewell </span>and <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Wharfedale</span> - with tributary meltwater valleys cut into the limestone.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Evidence of ancient field systems just to the north east of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Kettlewell</span>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Approaching <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Kettlewell</span>; looking across the spectacular limestone benches to <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Old Cote Moor</span>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Cam Gill Beck has one or two beautiful little waterfalls.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Kettlewell</span> itself is a place of beauty - a great place to begin and end an adventure.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><i>This is a great circular route from Kettlewell to a wild mountain top. The views throughout are some of the best in the Dales. </i></span><br />
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Stephen Oldfieldhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12530850075205687496noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7637858080003886362.post-55205216699681300162015-05-15T16:15:00.002-07:002015-05-15T16:20:21.877-07:00<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">On sale now! The most vividly detailed guide to the Three Peaks ... 20 chapters covering every aspect of the great trio: geology, archaeology, landscape ... and with plenty to smile about along the way. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Written and illustrated by Stephen Oldfield, a headteacher from Lancashire with over 30 years' experience of exploring and researching this fascinating area.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">More than a walking book - 'A Three Peaks Up and Under' is an obsessive celebration of a landscape visited by thousands - but known intimately by a relative few ...</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Available from all good bookshops or directly from www.scratchingshedpublishing.com.</span></div>
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Stephen Oldfieldhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12530850075205687496noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7637858080003886362.post-71384807935728705642015-04-10T12:59:00.002-07:002015-04-12T03:29:53.972-07:00<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-large;">Penyghent Gill</span></h2>
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<span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">A Ravine of Rugged Beauty</span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Penyghent</span> is so often the first objective of the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Three Peaks Walk </span>- so wonderful scenery like this gets missed by many. The gill takes water down to the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">River Skirfare</span> which drains into <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Wharfedale</span>, and it is one of my favourite places in Yorkshire.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Approaching the environs of the gill, along the road between <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Stainforth</span> and <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Halton Gill</span>, this great view of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Fountains Fell</span> presents itself: one of the last great wildernesses in England.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Then all attention is focused on the legendary 'hill of the winds' - where today cloud shadows were scudding across its slopes. <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Penyghent</span> has a magnetic quality.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">As with Ingleborough, the slopes of the mountain itself are made up of the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Yoredale Series</span>: alternating bands of limestone, sandstone and shale caused by fluctuating sea levels. The main band of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Great Scar Limestone</span> is actually hidden beneath the grass - and a layer of glacial till. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Nevertheless, there's still an awful lot going on beneath the surface - with a range of potholes and caves draining the water down to <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Brant's Gill Head</span>.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1zzz3kalL6d3nY_SMhtRD1FZLduZIqTB8mX69VOFTIc5l-SHW9JPhIqzirn8BJSuOe8dluWO4ZeNvy5LwomgePTSZRue57gLenw3IRukzjnRJaDGGghrtvcL_sCSxn4pfsZXYB1kxZfo/s1600/IMG_4700.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1zzz3kalL6d3nY_SMhtRD1FZLduZIqTB8mX69VOFTIc5l-SHW9JPhIqzirn8BJSuOe8dluWO4ZeNvy5LwomgePTSZRue57gLenw3IRukzjnRJaDGGghrtvcL_sCSxn4pfsZXYB1kxZfo/s1600/IMG_4700.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Here on the east side, the water rushing off the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Yoredale Series</span> makes its way through <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Penyghent Gill</span> to eventually join the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">River Skirfare</span> - and then the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Wharfe</span>: an interesting journey.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">To explore the gill - I always leave my car in a layby close to the enigmatic <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Giants' Graves</span>. (SD855734)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">These are said to be late Neolithic burials - and many of the slabs that enclosed the burial cists remain. I am more tempted to think they are later Bronze Age burials ...</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Over the years they have been greatly disturbed - but they are still well worth a visit.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Several skeletons were unearthed at the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Giants' Graves</span> - but no true records remain.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This gives some idea of the surrounding mound.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgk8xempT_WahOVaMw8GeyIs5hLuL0kzr-hUhi7Hq9EzT99CR-HbFKke8ITbjwgYFADOTyPwxRR8oz54JlzHQNa4uFm4IMFQ1SzfUfG61yYr7igTGaHlsloMoMXs0fpUJIYhGqDtsCIpzY/s1600/IMG_4708.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgk8xempT_WahOVaMw8GeyIs5hLuL0kzr-hUhi7Hq9EzT99CR-HbFKke8ITbjwgYFADOTyPwxRR8oz54JlzHQNa4uFm4IMFQ1SzfUfG61yYr7igTGaHlsloMoMXs0fpUJIYhGqDtsCIpzY/s1600/IMG_4708.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">At the head of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Penyghent Gill </span>- it's a relief to meet the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Great Scar Limestone</span> after the drab covering of glacial till.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-UVhdBU6SsUzTDdXZYQpxpsI1dmRfFVn9KLfMbFvPfyELQgvSE62W9QVKLBVEJ19nV4P5y0E_amj6-747-7XhxMExrwkE2lQ4yFUEV1VFrQA5LTTbhFKKT94fLVgozcaZkCl4u_r896o/s1600/IMG_4710.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-UVhdBU6SsUzTDdXZYQpxpsI1dmRfFVn9KLfMbFvPfyELQgvSE62W9QVKLBVEJ19nV4P5y0E_amj6-747-7XhxMExrwkE2lQ4yFUEV1VFrQA5LTTbhFKKT94fLVgozcaZkCl4u_r896o/s1600/IMG_4710.JPG" height="640" width="480" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Water has played havoc with the limestone here and there are many abandoned passages active only in flood.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">There's a fabulous high level traverse along the north-western side of the gill, with the beck now far below. It heads towards the lonely <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Penyghent House</span>.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2QPJ3fNIxKY45Fi3Kc-BWFE13bD9yh1YM-a89boeD-fB9OrniDpeOKJiFTIbS87srwiJhmdWkw-CoYkEr1ynMsgVN_4-khDKBby_GHr8j6-oTntmlL9WrDVWjB3jG-qXRdGHv0hXdES0/s1600/IMG_4713.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2QPJ3fNIxKY45Fi3Kc-BWFE13bD9yh1YM-a89boeD-fB9OrniDpeOKJiFTIbS87srwiJhmdWkw-CoYkEr1ynMsgVN_4-khDKBby_GHr8j6-oTntmlL9WrDVWjB3jG-qXRdGHv0hXdES0/s1600/IMG_4713.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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T<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">hen the classic view of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Penyghent Gill</span> opens up - looking along the limestone to the moorlands above Litton. It's a wonderful spot.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Penyghent House is one of the most remote dwellings in England. Imagine living up here in the winter! It also has its very own cave.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Penyghent House Cave</span> has a surprisingly large entrance for such a little known cave - and few if any books have ever contained a photograph of it. </span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMMxSItHmd4a0QDc3l3sDMzTPAub8t914Rv8-7BabUkKGyJ_TO7FAdmWV_uPWPyrX2lk9Wp4KTbrPh6G5XjrrHN5jCDmzFJvMFOxXvDETFLESdskKjpsWIj4EohVrXoacl8tYcQZUoUAg/s1600/IMG_4719.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMMxSItHmd4a0QDc3l3sDMzTPAub8t914Rv8-7BabUkKGyJ_TO7FAdmWV_uPWPyrX2lk9Wp4KTbrPh6G5XjrrHN5jCDmzFJvMFOxXvDETFLESdskKjpsWIj4EohVrXoacl8tYcQZUoUAg/s1600/IMG_4719.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Shame, as it has an attractive little streamway that children can explore easily - but just ask permission at the house first. Bit of courtesy never goes amiss. Whoops - left my grub bag by the entrance. Not the done thing, Stephen!</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiI0evAShXmCWJAVKbrkzCtdlV3boz_97XpQFtX6NYrtAG_LSFmKL0X42PZkH1bHbN7AXvjaYD7zLr3pb83gWVGfekh1qFkmNMpkLAlIi40OSlaU-R_L5sZ5PAOJBHbsXodipL6sj5ClE/s1600/IMG_4723.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiI0evAShXmCWJAVKbrkzCtdlV3boz_97XpQFtX6NYrtAG_LSFmKL0X42PZkH1bHbN7AXvjaYD7zLr3pb83gWVGfekh1qFkmNMpkLAlIi40OSlaU-R_L5sZ5PAOJBHbsXodipL6sj5ClE/s1600/IMG_4723.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">A classic single joint has been carved out below the overlying bedding plane. The cave is explorable for 100 yards or so before the water becomes so deep that only a swim will allow further progress. I just enjoy the first few yards usually ...</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">And let's face it - the view out is special.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">To make up for the rather annoying 'grub bag' picture - here is the more professional version. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Penyghent House</span> backed by its parent mountain - just visible from the path.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Looking into the middle section of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Penyghent Gill</span>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">A grand view of the looming <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Penyghent</span> opens up - and it now seems to tower over the house, menacingly.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Meanwhile, the views into the lower section of the gill are ever more splendid.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Terraces of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Great Scar Limestone</span> flank the stream on its journey down to the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Skirfare</span>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">It's a wonderful journey too - completely undisturbed by man.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now, then - see that dark slit below the wall? Well - that's <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Upper Hesleden Cave 2</span>. This interesting cave is 600 metres long and involves a lot of crawling in water and up into avens - including <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Thunderstorm Aven</span> and <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Good Friday Passage</span>. You would hardly think there's so much in there looking at the entrance ...</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Keeping on our (left) bank of the river, we soon meet an attractive series of cascades - above which lies another cave ...</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Before heading up - let's have a look at the river up close - a perfect spot for contemplation!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Upper Hesleden Cave 1</span> is reached by a scramble up the steep hillside exactly opposite number 2. It is a hands and knees crawl to a chamber containing a spectacular little waterfall.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The entrance is obscure - and you'd never believe it contained so much fun ..</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Thing is - you've got to be happy with confined spaces - and it's not the most comfortable!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">It feels good to see a cave that nobody else ever sees though. Kind of satisfying in a way.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">A little further on and things get even better. Here is <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Guy Fawkes Cave</span>. A pothole of the same name leads into it two 'dry waterfalls' above. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This cave is a very tight crawl - and must make one feel like Mr Fawkes himself being tortured before execution - but the real reason for the name is far more bizarre.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Standing by the entrance - a water-worn slit in the limestone and two 'potholes' called by swirling currents ... and you suddenly realise Mr. Fawkes himself is grinning up at you.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Quite scary, really!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Viewed from the top of the cliff above the cave, you can still pick him out with his petrified stare.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxFIkUijiAaaZS2hbHIQjLeYQQ-5cgOW1AKiRAmFyRtHXfBDKb_bmazijx4zZrFvEwS-BI6cSCqmhhwvuurXkeaqzTMzQXkRSlZE7BtmXQCT8suNs6MXo8-g9JTjUqa92XN1VEQVMDUO8/s1600/IMG_4764.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxFIkUijiAaaZS2hbHIQjLeYQQ-5cgOW1AKiRAmFyRtHXfBDKb_bmazijx4zZrFvEwS-BI6cSCqmhhwvuurXkeaqzTMzQXkRSlZE7BtmXQCT8suNs6MXo8-g9JTjUqa92XN1VEQVMDUO8/s1600/IMG_4764.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Peering down the waterfall below <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Guy Fawkes Cave</span>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Glancing back along <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Penyghent Gill</span> at our route - with <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Fountains Fell</span> towering up on the left.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Our route ahead - as the gill becomes wilder and more lonely than ever.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjs_kdeUF_vxgyPKGSPCHk9jZPPwaAzf_v1T4AwSVrjjrgtvyotXs40VIPO6p9L7H9S-yu1P-TJucCUMJobHZlCrbgfEHs7Rt8My5klDd1_ZUyC0NnzyY1WzY0xmNPr0Had_EuLg_4MOw4/s1600/IMG_4775.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjs_kdeUF_vxgyPKGSPCHk9jZPPwaAzf_v1T4AwSVrjjrgtvyotXs40VIPO6p9L7H9S-yu1P-TJucCUMJobHZlCrbgfEHs7Rt8My5klDd1_ZUyC0NnzyY1WzY0xmNPr0Had_EuLg_4MOw4/s1600/IMG_4775.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">One of a series of settlements on the opposite bank of the gill - many originate from the Iron Age.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Penyghent House</span> now looks a long way behind - with the great mountain now totally dominating the surroundings.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiL7nghGlhzaIKeO9tnE-WQ-rRwlH5tW_DK8FaO0bzM-NdaMhyphenhyphenySpdNbNZKbkGFfHosgM6ZcmgaMi4fDUhVnm8hh2p5Suxn47g7ls5FE87OnY8n_MeIWoNW5O2VSaDGpYyUsX7dvqf2xCM/s1600/IMG_4782.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiL7nghGlhzaIKeO9tnE-WQ-rRwlH5tW_DK8FaO0bzM-NdaMhyphenhyphenySpdNbNZKbkGFfHosgM6ZcmgaMi4fDUhVnm8hh2p5Suxn47g7ls5FE87OnY8n_MeIWoNW5O2VSaDGpYyUsX7dvqf2xCM/s1600/IMG_4782.JPG" height="640" width="480" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Penyghent</span> catching the afternoon sun between the spurs of the gill.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqB9_L-634-pvGd08KK3u6ys8sxjagNb_dD6SJpf8hkoLcT1yLAfdAuSmodyY3iGMB1dofB7gEJJmS3_t_lcJvKUlCEgvoQBshBF_8iWQE1YbzLMeJbLWiSukIAa1v7KSkLjqmTxTcQSI/s1600/IMG_4788.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqB9_L-634-pvGd08KK3u6ys8sxjagNb_dD6SJpf8hkoLcT1yLAfdAuSmodyY3iGMB1dofB7gEJJmS3_t_lcJvKUlCEgvoQBshBF_8iWQE1YbzLMeJbLWiSukIAa1v7KSkLjqmTxTcQSI/s1600/IMG_4788.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Back down to the water - for a deep plunge pool and superb little fall. This is a lovely spot to halt and be alone with nature.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2tHrbf6ZgxnQ1qYCEs5lhYID6F24lzoTDFJr2v8sIoxjom8RjrLUNJoT6ubeTnYQiINX7RQZuO2x0R2pndYnpxGGt0Zfd02_71-BxpvC12qvEX6kagvknAccbH8Ku7ZrxraSMXlFgd0M/s1600/IMG_4784.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2tHrbf6ZgxnQ1qYCEs5lhYID6F24lzoTDFJr2v8sIoxjom8RjrLUNJoT6ubeTnYQiINX7RQZuO2x0R2pndYnpxGGt0Zfd02_71-BxpvC12qvEX6kagvknAccbH8Ku7ZrxraSMXlFgd0M/s1600/IMG_4784.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The log on the bank shows how ferocious the beck can be when in flood.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEij2Ujoajlj6_ScQ6GLO43WF0aE6MGaxqal5wgqe_w0p4TPe38npXrxzY8_jsUNyTfZt6Q_Fiv_Vit5csbd4Ub053_9p2lJBNF5xx9iBKK3-tKxZ_veFlSeQKzsT4sf64rVR5TUkcv7tm8/s1600/IMG_4795.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEij2Ujoajlj6_ScQ6GLO43WF0aE6MGaxqal5wgqe_w0p4TPe38npXrxzY8_jsUNyTfZt6Q_Fiv_Vit5csbd4Ub053_9p2lJBNF5xx9iBKK3-tKxZ_veFlSeQKzsT4sf64rVR5TUkcv7tm8/s1600/IMG_4795.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This pool needs to be seen. It is a stunning place.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioxxoISa_IGDCNjIrqI-TfzekG5mF4eD1yVvGjQQwt3LVGWxyzVXSEiziWwqB7TS58pxaZNpuUa-nNfAApyKUZ-7dRtXF4E12uURADuypyQ-tzme1ilyLscl8sU5x9zXbq1wideNUNjeE/s1600/IMG_4799.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioxxoISa_IGDCNjIrqI-TfzekG5mF4eD1yVvGjQQwt3LVGWxyzVXSEiziWwqB7TS58pxaZNpuUa-nNfAApyKUZ-7dRtXF4E12uURADuypyQ-tzme1ilyLscl8sU5x9zXbq1wideNUNjeE/s1600/IMG_4799.JPG" height="640" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">And time for an old world feel - befitting a place like this.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGOPXJ6-p4_XpE06eiDhHXVwnEdeIORCj_6WH5UOtWjAyWMaa0VAVnwzgVzwcFBlRS70jldwG6fCL48Z-Rqjoli6-N7YIroRXd20IN8jVtRmETQeybjWasbcAYA3NeBlr8sK5WBRyFNVI/s1600/IMG_4803.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGOPXJ6-p4_XpE06eiDhHXVwnEdeIORCj_6WH5UOtWjAyWMaa0VAVnwzgVzwcFBlRS70jldwG6fCL48Z-Rqjoli6-N7YIroRXd20IN8jVtRmETQeybjWasbcAYA3NeBlr8sK5WBRyFNVI/s1600/IMG_4803.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Below the pool - the water has undercut the limestone to leave wedges overhanging the river.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">And so the gill continues through sylvan surroundings on its journey down to <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Littondale</span>. Now time to walk back along the course of the river.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiocF0ru7lKvxus-eooOthPu4nW-zXYa7VAKqT4eATpotEQSPh97NkPCJAkiSs5WTN2sLBp6HrrVBker0wT2HLPEd7XB1V0HTOoM8NuO1NKVDtAFhPmqy8Mwo6J-Qug8pli6kre0jgmzE0/s1600/IMG_4811.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiocF0ru7lKvxus-eooOthPu4nW-zXYa7VAKqT4eATpotEQSPh97NkPCJAkiSs5WTN2sLBp6HrrVBker0wT2HLPEd7XB1V0HTOoM8NuO1NKVDtAFhPmqy8Mwo6J-Qug8pli6kre0jgmzE0/s1600/IMG_4811.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">It's all ups and downs and sometimes you are forced up to a higher level by the terrain.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiMOgKKbA7ReDncslnws1k61PorqLJcRGW3Ro8x6gtwJzqlhUvKq6sVWE6UISWLJgJN21HaFRfA7st2x0BO_XQPCSDkhukSPBvST5xzH4BpZgqRbGrAM1FP54aJW5jtZiYWPC2Ciq-FwE/s1600/IMG_4812.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiMOgKKbA7ReDncslnws1k61PorqLJcRGW3Ro8x6gtwJzqlhUvKq6sVWE6UISWLJgJN21HaFRfA7st2x0BO_XQPCSDkhukSPBvST5xzH4BpZgqRbGrAM1FP54aJW5jtZiYWPC2Ciq-FwE/s1600/IMG_4812.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Fountains Fell</span>: it's Yoredale slopes of alternating limestones, sandstones and shales sit on a plinth of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Great Scar Limestone</span> like its three more famous cousins.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgATkibUR-JOtIQkn0EoyL7-bb2iRadH7ETaKgaMBt67S1hdvqWlANNDp-6Cl4FOsihLlvgG5rYy0k64h3wGBEVePe7B8QfITH8uptZ8g8vW9NsQIYKpLACzEqE99-4bG7ZGiLLTib_2sI/s1600/IMG_4816.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgATkibUR-JOtIQkn0EoyL7-bb2iRadH7ETaKgaMBt67S1hdvqWlANNDp-6Cl4FOsihLlvgG5rYy0k64h3wGBEVePe7B8QfITH8uptZ8g8vW9NsQIYKpLACzEqE99-4bG7ZGiLLTib_2sI/s1600/IMG_4816.JPG" height="640" width="480" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The cliffs of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Penyghent Gill</span> are full of highlights, like this attractive little force, plunging through a joint in the limestone.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_L6uJBlg3dueXMxJO-zNT6w1hUKj3F3_2VjfbUjKJ3siHqTnvMw3WdjPDjrFHYz8MXT8JeNPvLnao0axKnUxpIZXBxTPis9y-Foc9NKq8JjmjRoF1M4JRJ49aVC-xLnQ6fy3kL65sfmo/s1600/IMG_4819.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_L6uJBlg3dueXMxJO-zNT6w1hUKj3F3_2VjfbUjKJ3siHqTnvMw3WdjPDjrFHYz8MXT8JeNPvLnao0axKnUxpIZXBxTPis9y-Foc9NKq8JjmjRoF1M4JRJ49aVC-xLnQ6fy3kL65sfmo/s1600/IMG_4819.JPG" height="640" width="480" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Waterfalls, in fact, are everywhere as we head for the upper reaches.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKPkU3dSDFwahjc9XegoI6P2xK4AVb2xK4FsGJDU4FJriPzef131cjNcbmkH_D0pAZfEdYJRmOKqf-jlHOIPorBZmCh4qo9wu5l6i0Y64nNSajhC4BrRz_u195J_QRVaAnoCnBxQMGx24/s1600/IMG_4823.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKPkU3dSDFwahjc9XegoI6P2xK4AVb2xK4FsGJDU4FJriPzef131cjNcbmkH_D0pAZfEdYJRmOKqf-jlHOIPorBZmCh4qo9wu5l6i0Y64nNSajhC4BrRz_u195J_QRVaAnoCnBxQMGx24/s1600/IMG_4823.JPG" height="640" width="480" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">One way into the spectacular upper reaches is to scramble down this abandoned tributary channel.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjowIOKY2d4Pjn6-rA14Mrcq9JvCxIDQFAI0hw6MKxW566oRLBV56Oj9Pafth4DhcM3CqpyU3y1-PoVRZmqhyphenhyphenU2kVthPd-aID6t1sOuCGOyX5i1IVoycOMX96DSo5QPFgj1CnJBXLUTFB4/s1600/IMG_4824.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjowIOKY2d4Pjn6-rA14Mrcq9JvCxIDQFAI0hw6MKxW566oRLBV56Oj9Pafth4DhcM3CqpyU3y1-PoVRZmqhyphenhyphenU2kVthPd-aID6t1sOuCGOyX5i1IVoycOMX96DSo5QPFgj1CnJBXLUTFB4/s1600/IMG_4824.JPG" height="640" width="480" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">As we once again near the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Giants' Graves </span>- the scene becomes ever more chaotic.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizTUVHZOli4zfGD_rkS9vRITa_lYbEj-85YgAlbEXRPKfQ87dsGCRf_O4VFA7QaoJFcObvyclNRNPKCeqTA5hOxNjTp9YMxTvqpLzXNepg4Cqg6gdWvhzsB_m5KJMTbChYK7VxCURoRts/s1600/IMG_4827.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizTUVHZOli4zfGD_rkS9vRITa_lYbEj-85YgAlbEXRPKfQ87dsGCRf_O4VFA7QaoJFcObvyclNRNPKCeqTA5hOxNjTp9YMxTvqpLzXNepg4Cqg6gdWvhzsB_m5KJMTbChYK7VxCURoRts/s1600/IMG_4827.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The entrance to <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Penyghent Gill</span> in the late afternoon sun.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Jumbled boulders of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Great Scar Limestone</span>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Three white faces bid a welcome - or farewell ...</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3zfoXtNmMX_LbjKvxUzNX7nB60ayNtv7XjM951Dn7PNavhyphenhyphenyoSG87TAJXxpWnCc5T6-2kehXx-qsg_4Ld-dlT3Hm3J1L8IgKmcsHt8dp-pP8a5e-sg05zLQXQgQ2ubWkJJrfOIZDcrfg/s1600/IMG_4830.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3zfoXtNmMX_LbjKvxUzNX7nB60ayNtv7XjM951Dn7PNavhyphenhyphenyoSG87TAJXxpWnCc5T6-2kehXx-qsg_4Ld-dlT3Hm3J1L8IgKmcsHt8dp-pP8a5e-sg05zLQXQgQ2ubWkJJrfOIZDcrfg/s1600/IMG_4830.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Water bubbles furiously beneath the chaos on its way into the gill.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Come to think of it - these guys look a bit old and wrinkled!</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3HSihnQZbb71xnskYIpZpXdRMPcYC4HPK3FVcyh_rSpPBhrnH8Y3V_BhWip2r85DnqaN_Fbj_mG87nv2TGw0AIpeFqlJvqso_sCcJqMkaYMQgmyG5zzKgLlw9dcibsWjd1KmQ_mAqqBQ/s1600/IMG_4838.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3HSihnQZbb71xnskYIpZpXdRMPcYC4HPK3FVcyh_rSpPBhrnH8Y3V_BhWip2r85DnqaN_Fbj_mG87nv2TGw0AIpeFqlJvqso_sCcJqMkaYMQgmyG5zzKgLlw9dcibsWjd1KmQ_mAqqBQ/s1600/IMG_4838.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Last view of the day - looking back at <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Penyghent</span> from Dale Head.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #ffd966; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>Park at the Giants' Graves and get to know this superb place intimately. You won't regret it.</i></span><br />
<span style="color: #ffd966; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i><br /></i></span>
<span style="color: #ffd966; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>Stephen x</i></span><br />
<span style="color: #ffd966; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i><br /></i></span>
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<span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Available for pre-order at www.scratchingshedpublishing.com or at www.amazon.co.uk</span></div>
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<span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Release date: May 2015 360 pages.</span></div>
<span style="color: #ffd966; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
Stephen Oldfieldhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12530850075205687496noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7637858080003886362.post-22567998428794896422015-04-09T04:53:00.000-07:002015-04-09T15:30:32.540-07:00<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-large;">Sparkling Gems of Malham</span></h2>
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<span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The Pikedaw Caverns and Beyond ...</span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">There's so much to <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Malham</span> that scores of visits are needed to see everything this famed village and its surroundings have to offer. Today I wandered along the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Mid Craven Fault</span> to the west of the village - up to the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Pikedaw Calamine Caverns</span> (sounds fancy doesn't it?) and returned via the inevitable cove. As you can see - it was a colourful journey!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Mid Craven Fault</span> is a massive earth fracture that started moving over 300 million years ago. You can see the line of that fracture as we pick up the day's route. <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Pikedaw Hill </span>(limestone) to the right, has been uplifted in relation to <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Kirkby Fell </span>on the left with its covering of gritstone. Limestone lies buried hundreds of feet below this grit. The contrasting colours either side of the fault line can't be missed!</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi07ZXBNKrdyFwaJkE3KvdN6mOhOInI5nh28o0X0182gdEH1pzfl0sLhyphenhyphenahDJBHxwBk5DNFdyNjO1mN7BRfIihe7UDjtbd5CgcxcpxWaoViEIwVydouQ_XGYgjQB_8IB_geCVgHD9ervic/s1600/IMG_4868.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi07ZXBNKrdyFwaJkE3KvdN6mOhOInI5nh28o0X0182gdEH1pzfl0sLhyphenhyphenahDJBHxwBk5DNFdyNjO1mN7BRfIihe7UDjtbd5CgcxcpxWaoViEIwVydouQ_XGYgjQB_8IB_geCVgHD9ervic/s1600/IMG_4868.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #3d85c6;">Burns Burn</span> is the first in a line of attractive field barns on the lane to <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Pikedaw Hill</span>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Looking back to Malham backed by the <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Cawden Reef Knoll</span> which once separated shallow and deep water. It is a great place to find fossils.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">It's like a competition between the barns on this route - each having its own charm.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzZza0EY7x-wgQxT_eldLDe1mXbxXoc23RqJF6wK8ufbBq6NaFTyI2rt5P4HPTADGKAT3lhvfto7GG6g-Gbp5stPQt_BUrAPBcjp0BvmFbVBzM15g1PJVoi7a8203_lpoCQMK0ylt1dcs/s1600/IMG_4882.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzZza0EY7x-wgQxT_eldLDe1mXbxXoc23RqJF6wK8ufbBq6NaFTyI2rt5P4HPTADGKAT3lhvfto7GG6g-Gbp5stPQt_BUrAPBcjp0BvmFbVBzM15g1PJVoi7a8203_lpoCQMK0ylt1dcs/s1600/IMG_4882.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">I like <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Butterlands Barn</span> best. It sits in a fabulous scene with the two fells and the Craven Fault showing well. Great name, too.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #3d85c6;">Butterlands Barn</span>. The white limestone of <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Pikedaw Hill</span> contrasting with the forbidding tones of grit on <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Kirkby Fell</span>. The pasture beyond was years ago known as 'Slevina' but no-one knows why.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Slevina even has its own waterfall - with a <span style="color: #3d85c6;">tufa screen</span>, and easily visible from the path.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The fall from above. Don't try this - it was daft of me! One hand holding the fence, the other the camera ...</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj__y0h-6fcw-uFllEI9aSqRUD8c7wICySGcYey2GZbQMvSvmtN-vf3hxTqErkFcBs2ooi0fBkvKbUYLWjKRIjXRA-aX53ofWshu42pb4iYRvV1aU7ywrKTr7GtaVkcHrfFAhJvDMu7mKk/s1600/IMG_4902.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj__y0h-6fcw-uFllEI9aSqRUD8c7wICySGcYey2GZbQMvSvmtN-vf3hxTqErkFcBs2ooi0fBkvKbUYLWjKRIjXRA-aX53ofWshu42pb4iYRvV1aU7ywrKTr7GtaVkcHrfFAhJvDMu7mKk/s1600/IMG_4902.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">'Welcome to <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Pikedaw hill</span>. It's that strange bloke again!'</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> The limestone scars of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Hoober Edge</span> - where <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Pikedaw Hill</span> meets the Craven Fault. In the distance the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Mid Craven Fault</span> can be seen extending eastwards to <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Great Knott</span> and <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Gordale Scar.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The dip in the middle represents the line of the <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Mid Craven Fault</span>. <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Grassington Grit</span> here contrasting with the uplifted <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Great Scar Limestone</span>. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">I sat on that block of gritstone for lunch - and the views across to <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Weets Top</span> and <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Simon's Seat</span> were stunning.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This is perhaps the best picture of the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Mid Craven Fault</span>. You could almost imagine the ground still moving here. There have been local tremors, you know!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">As the path reaches the summit we meet the famous <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Pikedaw Calamine Caverns</span> - natural caves mined for calamine (an ore of zinc used in the brass industry) as well as copper and lead. The mineral veins lie between the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Great Scar Limestone</span> and the lowest limestone layer of the covering <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Yoredale Beds</span> - which have now been largely eroded away. The mines were most active in the early 19th century. This is a more recent shaft sunk into the caverns - down which cavers descend. It is the muddiest place on earth!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">If you do lift the lid and peer down, careful you don't trap your fingers when closing it again. Ouch!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">You go down the ladder and then jump the rest!! Only kidding - my friend tells me the ladder went all the way down once - but dafties tried descending without lifeline ropes. Presumably this last stretch helps cavers on the last few feet to the surface. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This cairn marks the position of the original shaft - which is highly dangerous. Levels were also sunk into the hilldside further down the valley to meet up underground. <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Malham Tarn</span> is glinting beyond. This lies on the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">North Craven Fault</span>, where basement rocks (slates) have been lifted to the surface and therefore hold the water. The two faults are here only a mile and a half apart!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">If you do take the planks off be extremely careful. It's largely filled with rubble at the top but you don't want to be falling in ...</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This large shakehole, it is believed, was sealed at the base to fill with water for the washing of ore.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The spoil heap glistens with crystals and probing it is highly addictive - be warned!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In just five minutes you can decorate a rock to look like a painter's pallette.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">As well as tiny fragments of calamine, I found barytes (white) and the brilliant blue and green ores of copper - <span style="color: #3d85c6;">azurite</span> and <span style="color: #6aa84f;">malachite</span> respectively. A surreal place which glistens in the sun. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This man-made dam, maybe 200 years old - was built to pool water for the washing of the zinc and copper ores.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The nearby <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Nappa Cross</span> contains only a base and upright, built into the wall. Before enclosure it would have been a prominent landmark for monks on their travels, marking the meeting points of the moorland bridleways.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">There is evidence of well-weathered decoration in the stonework.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Close up showing the cross built into the wall.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">There are many small caves in the area - these are the <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Twin Bottom Scar Caves</span> - but on the whole Malham is not noted for its extensive caves as the topography lacks the steep Yoredale slopes of the Three Peaks area which funnel water rapidly onto the limestone. The underworld, however, holds many mysteries still being investigated, particularly by divers.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Arriving at the crossroads - I turned right and then explored an area which has always fascinated me.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This is the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Langscar Iron Age Village</span>. There are many huts and enclosures separated by banks of boulders and turf ..</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Picking them out from the surrounding outcrops requires a keen and experienced eye.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This boulder, central in one of the huts, has a notable recess which may well have held a post to support a roof structure.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Another example of a dwelling with a large fallen slab in the foreground.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Love this little hut. It took some finding but is very distinct once you stumble on it.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">I returned to Malham via the famous dry valley of <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Watlowes</span>. Massive torrents of meltwater once scurried down here and caused chaos, jumping over a series of falls ...</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This is a good example - complete with a cave which is out of bounds for all but the fanatical!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">But nothing compares with the stupendous <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Malham Cove</span>. We kid ourselves that the tourism detracts from its splendour really. It is spectacular on a world scale - and no matter how many times you visit - it still shoots the adrenalin when you near the edge like no place I know of in England.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This is many people's first experience of a limestone pavement. It's a brilliant example.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The meltwater's flow was more concentrated in the centre, of course, so the cove has been cut back in a horseshoe shape which is not always easy to see when you are standing beneath it. Up here - well, it's something else.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Enjoy the views, in slightly different light and shadow ....</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The bedded <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Gordale limestone</span> forms the overhang and the bit above it - while the sheer face is formed of (you've guessed it) <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Cove Limestone</span>. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The cove has been cut back so much, in fact, that it is a good distance away now from the line of the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Mid Craven Fault</span> which created it!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">My last picture of the day: the <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Sheriff Hill Burial Cairn</span> - from which an incense cup and human remains have been found. It lies (unknown to many) just off the path to the east of the cove.</span></div>
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Stephen Oldfieldhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12530850075205687496noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7637858080003886362.post-66545102102822349542015-04-06T13:46:00.001-07:002015-04-06T13:46:52.671-07:00<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-large;">A Three Peaks Up and Under</span></div>
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<span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">By Stephen C. Oldfield</span></div>
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<span style="color: #f1c232; font-size: large;">Now available for pre-order (release date 30 April 2015) </span></div>
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Order your copy <a href="http://www.amazon.co.uk/Three-Peaks-Under-Yorkshires-Wonderland/dp/099299179X/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1428352935&sr=1-1&keywords=a+three+peaks+up+and+under">by clicking here</a> or <a href="http://www.scratchingshedpublishing.com/products-page/general-non-fiction/a-three-peaks-up-and-under/">direct from the publisher</a></div>
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Stephen Oldfieldhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12530850075205687496noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7637858080003886362.post-35588356060382130462015-02-21T06:04:00.000-08:002015-02-21T06:06:36.161-08:00<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-large;">Exploring the Yew Cogar</span></h2>
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<span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Limestone on a Gigantic Scale</span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The huge Great Scar Limestone wedge known as the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Yew Cogar</span> towers over the quaint village of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Arncliffe </span>in <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Littondale</span>. To explore it all would need several visits. This is a view reminding us of the glories of summer.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The huge mass of <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Great Scar Limestone</span> was formed in a shallow tropical sea some 350 million years ago. Look at that mass and think how long it must have taken for the skeletons of shelly creatures to accumulate - forming a layer some 600 feet thick. This may well be the biggest mass of limestone anywhere in Britain - uninterrupted by quarries and roads. It is one special place.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The great mass of the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Yew Cogar</span> is intersected by channels where meltwater - and then surface streams - have cut deep into the limestone. This is a 'zoom' view from the Malham to Arncliffe road, from which the plateau is separated by the valley of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Cowside Beck</span>. Up on the left are the terraces of Gordale Limestone containing the fascinating Bronze Age settlement of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Dewbottoms</span> ...</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Most spectacular of all is '<span style="color: #6aa84f;">Cowside Gill</span>' itself - a huge horseshoe-shaped amphitheatre with a great waterfall falling down a screen of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">tufa</span>. It doesn't even have an official name - yet will knock spots off most of the limestone features in the area ...</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Arncliffe</span> - which may be Anglo-Saxon for 'cliff of the eagles' - is approached along an avenue of sycamores.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The largest village in <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Littondale</span> (once called Amerdale) - it was originally the setting for 'Emmerdale Farm' when the soap did at least have a touch of individuality. Quaint cottages huddle around the village green of this ancient place.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The hub of activity was the village pump!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The church of St. Oswald is hidden in a bower of trees by the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">River Skirfare</span>. The churchyard offers splendid views down the river.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Here, in the pool by the bridge - Tom, of <i>The Water Babies</i>, plunged into the river, leaving his human body and 'sins' behind and joining the fairies and nymphs of the watery world. <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Charles Kingsley</span> knew this 'Vendale' like the back of his hand ...</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Falcon Inn</span> is famous for its old-world nature. Beer is still served in a ceramic jug straight from the cask! Behind the Falcon is the lane leading onto the Monk's Road, a steeply rising path over the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Yew Cogar</span> which was once frequented by the monks of Fountains Abbey, transporting their goods by pack horse.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">First view from the Monk's Road, seeing <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Cowside Beck</span> weaving its way down to join the Skirfare. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">These monks had a head for heights!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Littondale</span> was carved out by a glacier and is a spectacular sight from the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Monk's Road</span>. The dark skyline of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Old Cote Moor</span> marks the point at which the Great Scar Limestone gives way to the Yordedale Series - where fluctuating sea levels led to a banding of limestones, sandstones and shales. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">As height is gained, the views down to <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Cowside Beck</span> are sensational indeed.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Looking back along the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Monk's Road</span> as it follows the contours. The monks of Fountains Abbey even owned all the fishing rights to <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Malham Tarn</span> - just three miles along this path - but what a trek!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Up the valley, <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Cowside Beck</span> can be seen as a major tributary of the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Skirfare</span>. Both rivers drain into the River Wharfe. This is Yorkshire at its rawest - not even a sheep.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">What a daft place for stone-age man to leave his ironing board! This view looks back to <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Old Cote Moor</span>, with the cliffs of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Yew Cogar Scar</span> visible in the centre. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Yew Cogar Scar</span> is better seen in this picture. It offers a range of climbing routes and is home to peregrine falcons. I'll take you down there one day. Didn't fancy the slog back up today: the wind was unrelenting! To get these views, by the way, you have to leave the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Monk's Road</span> and head down the to the edge of the ravine. It's steep, but it's worth every step.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">At last we approach the first of the water-worn gills. This one, at <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Dewbottoms</span>, shows the typical profile of a meltwater valley cut into the Great Scar Limestone.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">A look down the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Dewbottoms</span> ravine. Everywhere it is possible to see where ice has been at work, at least 12,000 years ago. Notice how blamkets of glacial till have obscured the lower slopes of the scars on the left.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Water once flowed down the ravine, but ... surpsise surprise - it's now been left largely dry: a typical story of limestone country.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Follow the wall from the ravine up to the plateau and you reach the fascinating Bronze Age settlement of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Dewbottoms</span>. The site is very similar in plan to those in North Wales studied by Griffiths (1951) which he suggests may even date back to the Neolithic (New Stone Age). This is one of the huts, about 10 feet in diameter. Excavations here have produced a very fine quartzite hone. The huts surround a large enclosed area hemmed in by a massive boulder and gravel bank. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Dewbottoms </span>settlements from the air. I was exploring the area at top left.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">These are two of the rectangular stone built enclosures described by Arthur Raistrick and Paul Holmes in their classic 'Archaeology of Malham Moor.'</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This one has a notable dividing slab in the middle. The first thing you'll be thinking is ... what the heckers were they doing with a farm at this altitude when even today it would be unthinkable? </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The remote location means the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Dewbottoms</span> site is remarkably well preserved. However, follow the field wall down into the valley just north of the settlements and the probable influence for the location of this remarkable farmstead becomes clear ...</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Here, a massive U shaped ravine numbs the senses and this was no doubt the main water supply for the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Dewbottoms</span> folk well over 3000 years ago - but it is the nature of it that fascinates ...</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">On the Ordnance Survey map - this place doesn't even have a name! Shameful. It is what I call '<span style="color: #6aa84f;">Cowside Gill</span>' and the waterfall has clearly been cutting back from its original plunge to leave a spectacular amphitheatre. This is up there with the very best in England as a landscape feature. It dwarfs anything on the Ingleton waterfalls - and even makes Force Gill on Whernside look quite humble. In my opinion, this sudden plunge of water will have had symbolic significance to the ancient peoples who made their living on this remote landscape.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The water plunges into the ravine and the sudden steepness has allowed a very special screen to form, now covered in moss. The screen is of a precipitate called <i><span style="color: #6aa84f;">tufa</span>. </i>The soil water from the upper slopes of the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Yew Cogar</span> is rich in carbon dioxide and on emerging from springs at the head of the valley (see the 4th picture on this blog) the carbon dioxide begins to be lost to the atmosphere allowing calcium to be deposited as the familiar golden <i>tufa </i>seen famously at Gordale Scar and Janet's Foss. Steep drops like the one here clearly agitate the water, speeding up the process, so a big 'screen' of the tufa has developed to spectacular effect. The mosses also speed up the process - further absorbing the gas. Therefore, a combination of sudden appearance in the open air - a steep drop - and vegetation - are perfect conditions for <span style="color: #6aa84f;">tufa</span> to form. The tufa screen gives this gill a very noble appearance.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Surrounding the gill are impressive cliffs of Great Scar Limestone. To get into the amphitheatre, it is a long walk and scramble round the flanks of the cliffs. Take great care here. The drops are sensational!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">What lies within can only have meant much to the ancients. A huge cave entrance with the moss covered tufa screen providing a great backdrop to the waterfall. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The cave, a rock shelter - doesn't lead in very far - and was presumably a former route of the water. I wonder just how many peope have been in there over the centuries? It is one of the most remote caves in the Yorkshire Dales.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Adding to the atmosphere of this unique place is the facial feature I call 'The Stormtrooper' - perched on the very top of the surrounding cliffs like a sentinel keeping guard over the place. Others may well see a skull ...</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">There's something quite sinister about him, nonetheless ...</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Look how he gazes out over his kingdom ...</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Do I detect a mischievous grin?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Yes, he's a sly character, all right.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">It was so hard to leave this magical place. As the day was dying I headed back to the settlement and then followed the wall to the south east over the top of the plateau.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This took me past the lonely heights of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Parson's Pulpit </span>- possibly a burial place of some significance. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Parson's Pulpit</span> dominates one of the loneliest landscapes in England.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Grouse butt or sheepfold? Whatever the purpose - this contraption at the top of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Cote Gill </span>sees the original limestone boulder looking fed up!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Probably beacuse he's stuck to the spot and can't share the view down into <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Cote Gill</span>. This great ravine separates the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Yew Cogar</span> from the mass of limestone known as the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Hawkswick Clowder</span> - that famous area containing <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Kilnsey Crag</span> and the great caves of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Dowkabottom</span> and <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Sleets Gill</span> ...</span><br />
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I<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">t contains several interesting waterfalls which often run dry. They are a lovely sight in any season.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Usually a highlight of any walk - it's not being unfair to say they are an anti-climax after the sights of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Cowside Gill earlier</span> - but they have to be seen.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Finally you can either follow the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Skirfare </span>back to <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Arncliffe </span>or stroll along the road past <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Blue Scar</span>, where the limestone really does have a bluish appearance. On the top is yet another wonderful settlement.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">A last look along <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Littondale</span> after a great day of adventure. </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"> </span><br />
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<span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><i>Park in Arcncliffe and take the Monk's Road behind the Falcon Inn. This is a wild and lonely adventure in the best limestone country imaginable. You'll enjoy every step.</i></span></div>
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<span style="color: yellow; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><i>Stephen x</i></span></div>
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Stephen Oldfieldhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12530850075205687496noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7637858080003886362.post-84140685714649398782015-01-19T14:30:00.000-08:002015-01-22T15:30:51.696-08:00<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-large;">A Three Peaks Up and Under</span></h2>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">A Guide to Yorkshire's Limestone Wonderland</span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: x-large;">To be published by </span><span style="color: red; font-size: x-large;">Scratching Shed Publishing</span><span style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: x-large;"> in March 2015. 360 pages and many photographs by the author. Available for order: 0113 225 9797 </span></span></h4>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">ISBN: 978-099 29911791</span></h4>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">£14.99</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.scratchingshedpublishing.com/products-page/"><span style="color: red;">(click here to pre-order)</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">360 pages - 20 chapters - the definitive guide to the Three Peaks of Yorkshire ...</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXKsnFSO7AxvHEuCubnThOI-szV7QRsIlcgI3jeEm5yreLmVnEQ1eJP8gA_QxofhxJX-UPuPpUokbmZIlMaaVhrt4xqu_lEF9h1oUpzRuHMa9fZkO0G5J6-bG__QN-_qySfnimTJ0jUmE/s1600/stephen+and+richard.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXKsnFSO7AxvHEuCubnThOI-szV7QRsIlcgI3jeEm5yreLmVnEQ1eJP8gA_QxofhxJX-UPuPpUokbmZIlMaaVhrt4xqu_lEF9h1oUpzRuHMa9fZkO0G5J6-bG__QN-_qySfnimTJ0jUmE/s1600/stephen+and+richard.jpg" height="224" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">A book designed to awe-inspire and open eyes - as well as make you smile more than a little!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">The author is a Lancashire Primary School Headteacher with a lifetime of experience exploring every nook and cranny of the Yorkshire Dales ...</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr7hyQLxf4rR_4zprXs9IheDkFZhMkUkHvwNSdiCky-vXwo-fNvu2_dtBwm5AAyXAiHuK9pd_5nkPpvvJVpu_J6YykVy2Mgm6MovsY3prNccdFilr8mf3KIuzd12V4Q96vEfcj88qn3cg/s1600/IMG_3459.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr7hyQLxf4rR_4zprXs9IheDkFZhMkUkHvwNSdiCky-vXwo-fNvu2_dtBwm5AAyXAiHuK9pd_5nkPpvvJVpu_J6YykVy2Mgm6MovsY3prNccdFilr8mf3KIuzd12V4Q96vEfcj88qn3cg/s1600/IMG_3459.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Thirteen chapters take you 'up' to the hundreds of highlights on the surface of this world famous limestone landscape ... Seven take you beneath ... into the mysteries of the Yorkshire underworld ..</span><br />
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<span style="color: #f1c232; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-large;"><i>Thanks to all the people worldwide who are continuing to follow my blog on this special part of the English landscape. The blog merely touches on the detail contained within the pages of 'A Three Peaks Up and Under' - where the bare bones of an area are re-assessed with fresh eyes, obsessive detail and some good old fashioned northern English humour!</i></span></div>
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<span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-large;"><i>A lifetime of adventure at £14.99</i></span></div>
Stephen Oldfieldhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12530850075205687496noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7637858080003886362.post-7440144514969708322015-01-03T16:31:00.000-08:002015-01-03T16:38:59.450-08:00<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-large;">Great Douk Cave</span></h2>
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<span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Everyone's Favourite First Underground Adventure</span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">'Oooooh - I don't like confined spaces!' comes the oft-repeated cry. 'No way you'd get me in there - I'd be having kittens!' That is a shame I think as many caves have huge dimensions - and to avoid seeing them is to miss out on what makes the limestone country so special and spectacular. Maybe you are different?? Maybe you have enjoyed the showcaves of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Ingleborough</span> and <span style="color: #6aa84f;">White Scar</span> and want to experience a 'wild' cave with no lights and handrails? You may have the urge to descend, but are not yet at that stage where you want to commit to join a caving club? You may be shy - and want the Yorkshire limestone to be your own little means of escape - where you can quietly reflect on life from another perspective? If so - there is no better place than <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Great Douk Cave</span>: a relatively easy and safe cave passage which - let's be honest - is not only beautiful - but great fun!!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">You need, of course, to be kitted up - and it's not too difficult. First of all - a<span style="color: #3d85c6;"> helmet </span>with a mounted lamp - and they can be hired from the legendary <a href="http://inglesport.com/">Inglesport</a> and <a href="http://www.berniescafe.co.uk/">Bernie's Cafe</a> in <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Ingleton</span> - as can wellies and oversuits. Best of all are <span style="color: #3d85c6;">wetsocks</span> - you can see them glowing red in the picture above. If you want to go splashing around in caves - even easy ones with the kids - it's worth buying a pair. Once they fill with water they simply warm it up - so walking in the freezing water is like having a warm bath. Well - not quite - but you get the idea! My tackle bag usually carries a rope - spare torch in a waterproof case - and the essential grub! In the car - by the way - is a towel and a complete change of clothes ...</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Equipment sorted, then? Just three more things to remember and these are crucial. <span style="color: #6aa84f;"> 1)</span> Only go underground in fine settled weather and <span style="color: #cc0000;">NEVER</span> enter caves if you have doubts. If it has been raining for a few days and water levels are high - stay out! <span style="color: #6aa84f;"> 2)</span> <span style="color: #cc0000;">Always always always </span>tell someone where you are going. <span style="color: #6aa84f;"> 3)</span> Beginner cavers are also best in groups of more than two - so if someone does fall and break a leg - they are not left alone while the third goes for help. Lecturing over for now .... let's go ......!!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Park in <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Chapel-le-Dale</span> just beyond the <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Hill Inn</span>. You can see it's just a short walk - half a mile or so - to the cave entrance. The walk is indicated by the blue line which in retrospect looks like a river and is not good enough for a seasoned blogger! The yellow dotted line shows the appoximate underground route which is actually a lot more twisty and turny than that and is about 900 metres long. It's a delight from beginning to end. You can go in at that main entrance - up the waterfall - and splash your way up towards <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Middle Washfold</span> - or brave the entire length by going in at the 'top' and crawling to meet the main stream passage. We'll do both on this adventure - taking the easier option first. Don't want to put you off just yet.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Cross the road from the parking spot and <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Great Douk</span> is well and truly on the agenda.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Ingleborough</span> always likes to remind you that she is in charge of this landscape - just in case you didn't know.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Follow the sign to a left turn and you will spot a clump of trees sticking out of an obvious hole.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The gigantic <span style="color: #3d85c6;">doline</span> containing <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Great Douk Cave</span> is very ancient. It may even date back before the last two glaciations! Formed on a fault - it has sheer sides of <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Great Scar Limestone </span>plummeting into the depths, but as luck would have it, on the west side, a quaint little path winds its way down under the trees - towards the roar of a hidden waterfall.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Here it is! A single <span style="color: #3d85c6;">joint</span> has been eroded by the stream beneath a massive bedding plane to create one of the classic cave entrances in Yorkshire. See that ledge up on the right with the ferns? You can either crawl along that - or brave the waterfall. Let's go the exciting way. We may as well get wet now as there is a a good drenching still to come.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Nature can be kind at times, and here she provides a step in the water. Children can be helped up onto this and the rest of the climb is easy. Just take great care as the limestone floor around the waterfall is extremely slippy.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The view out is awesome. There is a sense of being immersed in the true wildness of an active underground stream passage.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Lights on - and we begin to follow the passage ahead into a small chamber - with shallow water beneath our feet and this remarkable bridge of limestone indicating a former floor of the cave many thousands of years ago.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Suddenly daylight is glimpsed. Just as our eyes have become dark adapted, we once more pop out into daylight. This is the bottom of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Little Douk Pot</span>, and it's a delightful little garden of mosses, ferns and steam. Look up - for a fabulous view out ....</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This is the view up to the sky from the base of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Little Douk Pot</span>. The limestone is completely bedecked in delicate mosses and other moisture loving plants.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Little Douk Pot</span> is special indeed!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Heading back into darkness, the water gets deeper and the formations more bizarre than ever as the ceiling becomes much higher.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Suddenly we are confronted by the gargoyle-like presence of the <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Lion Duchess</span>. She has the body of a feline hunter - and the head of determined lady. Some say Margaret Thatcher ....</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Maybe she's the 'Iron Duchess'?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Next up come the <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Jacuzzi Rapids </span>- as I like to call them. The sound of rushing water indicates their presence: a delightful series of underground cascades where the water is knee deep - and where you can have the best fun you've had in ages!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Cascades are typical features of active Yorkshire stream caves - of which <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Great Douk</span> is a fine example.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">On the right hand shelf we meet some classic <span style="color: #6aa84f;">stalactites, stalagmites and columns </span>- where the two have joined. As my teacher used to say; 'When the mites go up, the tights come down.' Easy way to remember I guess!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">'Stals' as cavers call them - are a result of <span style="color: #3d85c6;">carbon dioxide</span> diffusing into the cave air from water dripping through the ceiling. As it does so - a tiny fragment of <span style="color: #3d85c6;">calcite</span> is deposited - and naturally it takes an immense amount of time for pillars and columns to form.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #3d85c6;">Flowstone</span> - by contrast, forms when the carbon dioxide rich water seeps down the cave walls instead of dripping from the ceiling - expanding them into bizarre shapes like these fine examples.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Flowstone</span> typically forms these 'ribs' or 'organ pipe' shapes and these in <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Great Douk</span> are beautifully pristine for so popular a cave.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Great Douk Organ Pipes</span> from the upstream side.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">All cave formations are extremely delicate and should not be touched, much as it is tempting to do so. Even a caving suit brushing against them can cause irrepairable damage.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Looking upstream we see the enveloping flowstone curtains concealing the <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Beehive</span> - where even the most determined cannot help getting a soaking rear end! </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The beautiful golden flowstone of the <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Beehive</span> is stained red by impurities in the limestone and is one of the highlights of a trip through <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Great Douk Cave</span>. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In high water <span style="color: #3d85c6;">The Beehive</span> is dangerous as water completely fills the triangular space you can see here - and cavers have to clamber over the formation itself which is easier said than done. In normal conditions - such as here - it's a case of squeezing through on your hands and knees -with a shot of cold water usually hitting the delicate parts. No Beehive would be complete without a sting or two!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Beyond the <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Beehive</span> there are more wonderful flowstone curtains.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Suddenly the stream, as we follow it, is seen to emerge from the left hand wall, and in a passage much too narrow to let us through. Never mind .... we step up instead into this higher level dry passage where yet more delights await us ...</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The higher level passage has a <span style="color: #3d85c6;">calcite</span> floor and can be a bit tough on the old knees. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The effort is well worth it, though - as the amazing sight of the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Giant's Hand</span> testifies. This is perhaps the single most impressive formation in <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Great Douk Cave</span>. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Evidence that the cave does actually flood to the ceiling is seen in the way carpets of moss and other vegetation are draped around the stalactites in the upper end of the passage. This is actually as far as most people will want to go - as the ceiling gets lower and lower until it eventually becomes a crawl in water. There is a way out - of course, onto the limestone pavement at <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Middle Washfold</span>, but I always prefer to go in at the top and come out at the bottom ... a bit like food does!!! So splash back out and enjoy all those features once again - and let's go back to our map and set ourselves up for the 'through trip.'</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">It always makes sense - if you want to go in one end and come out at the other, to go in at the top - I think for two reasons: 1) You are already close to the car park and don't need to go back for any gear you've left, and more importantly 2) The narrow crawl is at the beginning - you get it over with first and you know the weather is good for this wet and crawly bit as you've only just left the surface. Ready for your first ever 'through trip' then? Let's get it done ....</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Following the route on the aerial photograph above, head south towards a gap in the wall and you will soon be crossing the <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Great Douk Cairn Field</span>. The womb-like entrance to the great cave obviously meant something to the early <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Bronze Age</span> people who chose to bury their dead in its vicinity. This cairn shows evidence of having been excavated in the distant past.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">There are scores of cairns - and they are believed to date back to at least 2000 BC.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Keep <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Ingleborough</span> in sight and head for the gateway through the wall.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Just through the gate - and continuing on the path takes us to an area of pavement on the barren moorland, where a layer of glacial drift otherwise covers the limestone.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The pavement lies behind this ancient sheep enclosure - hence the name: <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Middle Washfold</span>. It's an enchanting place and was celebrated by <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Wainwright</span> who was always 'loth to leave.'</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-obvMDex7E4KHgTmoMMFObjgz30FcqaI-vAjoAcDnXYDpixFiPXpDNdmL2ZJK2Xa6NNRumth0La6_nIUFAQ3LO-uQzlrb0VHUvJS_J-y2X5BxfrKvipR8HORLKTKNlp2B6fyUstQoRBY/s1600/IMG_4001.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-obvMDex7E4KHgTmoMMFObjgz30FcqaI-vAjoAcDnXYDpixFiPXpDNdmL2ZJK2Xa6NNRumth0La6_nIUFAQ3LO-uQzlrb0VHUvJS_J-y2X5BxfrKvipR8HORLKTKNlp2B6fyUstQoRBY/s1600/IMG_4001.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">People with no intention of caving can still have a great time wandering in the passages beneath the fissures in the limestone. Children, in particular - will love it.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgs_8ohLMn3_Ch5eTZclKJ3ABc4D-otWEnl7OwryQ6qaTOsrsJk2QJkD6vUErvf5QdkiXDmJjukhsqwFhXsMjTwBPGxwLDi16ea14k1W5F5sVi2dNlgy212wm57PLZb4uwLme-6a7Qo4ks/s1600/2.++Great+Douk's%2Bupper%2Bentrance%2Bis%2Bthrough%2Ba%2Bdistinctive%2Blimestone%2Bpavement%2Bat%2BUpper%2BWashfold..JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgs_8ohLMn3_Ch5eTZclKJ3ABc4D-otWEnl7OwryQ6qaTOsrsJk2QJkD6vUErvf5QdkiXDmJjukhsqwFhXsMjTwBPGxwLDi16ea14k1W5F5sVi2dNlgy212wm57PLZb4uwLme-6a7Qo4ks/s1600/2.++Great+Douk's%2Bupper%2Bentrance%2Bis%2Bthrough%2Ba%2Bdistinctive%2Blimestone%2Bpavement%2Bat%2BUpper%2BWashfold..JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This is the entrance we are looking for, however - at the northern end. Attractive slabs of pavement seem to form a canopy to the doorway, which leads through a series of crawls to the upper reaches of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Great Douk Cave</span>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgofsqF3foJAPDl9rtWkPu_y5YmDXiea6Vlh6mjnyZTYmKzf-jMl4TatzFZ9QzV57RRV-rBnHjOmhKM_3f3d_xFp5piNrV9ysXP2HADLCkNIRug0-3YOsjt22Z_QNUKO_d1FA8ouOVvCfg/s1600/3.++The+author+preparing+himself+for+a+soaking+as+he+enters+Middle+Washfold+on+route+for+Great+Douk+Cave..JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgofsqF3foJAPDl9rtWkPu_y5YmDXiea6Vlh6mjnyZTYmKzf-jMl4TatzFZ9QzV57RRV-rBnHjOmhKM_3f3d_xFp5piNrV9ysXP2HADLCkNIRug0-3YOsjt22Z_QNUKO_d1FA8ouOVvCfg/s1600/3.++The+author+preparing+himself+for+a+soaking+as+he+enters+Middle+Washfold+on+route+for+Great+Douk+Cave..JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In we go, then - taking great care on the slippery limestone.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCl__95t5n160C_nZibFayjZ-0umVrtdPz9p-rP5WpVf8mjFKyF4LbbMjTgCYZrGXs-sU7ppXtHZo7gsKwiFB6h0qf2FKV5Sq86nIFfpZt-1_Cx7iPBjXuFbWsXsKXxaDErbYEQtQnT2Q/s1600/IMG_4007.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCl__95t5n160C_nZibFayjZ-0umVrtdPz9p-rP5WpVf8mjFKyF4LbbMjTgCYZrGXs-sU7ppXtHZo7gsKwiFB6h0qf2FKV5Sq86nIFfpZt-1_Cx7iPBjXuFbWsXsKXxaDErbYEQtQnT2Q/s1600/IMG_4007.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The trick - all the time - is to keep right. Squeeze betwen these fissures - onto hands and knees - and turn right at the bottom. Remember that one!</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7Cb_R7-D1NOa9Y8sfPQoyfnr35uKB8gBsp4CW7J9SOD8WB9d1dzJR_71puI0-9vADakjfdJLkbVH5COZLKDpIPCUIqNzt2gkcb5sYP6GqUdX5FIupUqfY-oEAIWbselZCy57K7k3cz1I/s1600/IMG_4012.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7Cb_R7-D1NOa9Y8sfPQoyfnr35uKB8gBsp4CW7J9SOD8WB9d1dzJR_71puI0-9vADakjfdJLkbVH5COZLKDpIPCUIqNzt2gkcb5sYP6GqUdX5FIupUqfY-oEAIWbselZCy57K7k3cz1I/s1600/IMG_4012.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">As we turn sharp right we enter a low tunnel. In places like this I often like to pull myself along on my back. It's quicker that way.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdMkoxZGp0VZUTppfvRs_xbvD4nVnOYUEREupoP7wVkG6FVyrT13NAd_y1tDH9fPkU_WYWb7sjlXTijgrHbyUY3Z1A5YJEgOIWW_JvWC4__eVw2Rygm1YcJpRFICB8X4JaBqNlNURBTLc/s1600/4.++The+passage+inside+Middle+Washfold+curves+round+in+a+horse-shoe+to+reach+the+main+streamway..JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdMkoxZGp0VZUTppfvRs_xbvD4nVnOYUEREupoP7wVkG6FVyrT13NAd_y1tDH9fPkU_WYWb7sjlXTijgrHbyUY3Z1A5YJEgOIWW_JvWC4__eVw2Rygm1YcJpRFICB8X4JaBqNlNURBTLc/s1600/4.++The+passage+inside+Middle+Washfold+curves+round+in+a+horse-shoe+to+reach+the+main+streamway..JPG" height="640" width="480" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The tunnel swings round in a fabulous horse-shoe shaped passage - like being in a giant 'U' bend in the plumbing. It's even possible to stand up for a few seconds. Now that<i> is </i>a luxury.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVbit29Gdwr-SvweAYPRXKi56R3iaRCDOlRM0XMxxWbOYHjciLJtrDeLN2jhGkUGcwZl73mld4E1JmbOgKuABNXT4769rWd2ZEvXhPDdgLGe3KSUHWC4uysjixv7Io4NgMtywlTCnsfYg/s1600/IMG_4014.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVbit29Gdwr-SvweAYPRXKi56R3iaRCDOlRM0XMxxWbOYHjciLJtrDeLN2jhGkUGcwZl73mld4E1JmbOgKuABNXT4769rWd2ZEvXhPDdgLGe3KSUHWC4uysjixv7Io4NgMtywlTCnsfYg/s1600/IMG_4014.JPG" height="640" width="480" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Down a step in the floor .... nice and easy!</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIDjThWo98OKItT9Z5lBwBim7AVnDynUWQou0oMelcKzDd_vs_MhfQxJj29WV7CFaq1KfHX_rr8Zij_0kG93cx-sQkbk54boaXDPMzkznvDTSSVfjNPBh1c6Kwxc8q2x_JzWbRFzRxGLA/s1600/IMG_4015.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIDjThWo98OKItT9Z5lBwBim7AVnDynUWQou0oMelcKzDd_vs_MhfQxJj29WV7CFaq1KfHX_rr8Zij_0kG93cx-sQkbk54boaXDPMzkznvDTSSVfjNPBh1c6Kwxc8q2x_JzWbRFzRxGLA/s1600/IMG_4015.JPG" height="540" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">At this point the only fear (for some) comes in the form of gigantic <span style="color: #3d85c6;">cave spiders</span> - but leave them alone and they'll leave you too.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyyAVd8kfwScKRO7X0_LKHHgbzSZaXueUO1E_IM3vDC3Um0wvFBvdS7bHRm2QD91xlQdCGKeXQvsC3FDgv-2iPDSfZf8Nqv5vOMPn9808XYCD1ZVmx51m6YvECE0Jy1R3635cZDBwEg-M/s1600/IMG_4019.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyyAVd8kfwScKRO7X0_LKHHgbzSZaXueUO1E_IM3vDC3Um0wvFBvdS7bHRm2QD91xlQdCGKeXQvsC3FDgv-2iPDSfZf8Nqv5vOMPn9808XYCD1ZVmx51m6YvECE0Jy1R3635cZDBwEg-M/s1600/IMG_4019.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">As the passage begins to close down - remember our rule of keeping to the right - and slide under this boulder. Again I like to go feet first. </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNrLcf-t-7xz7hyHzZZ5g1maIPOCSFH53uq0cBNGaZhCKEc_nz7n5Kyzju5IVPh6c0cC97YriMOxwZDg4B12xrOWfukDN8eQYzwCN_4_Z8Q4DsrxvkvJToFhsddqSPq9nGRlG0nNLcCz8/s1600/IMG_4023.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNrLcf-t-7xz7hyHzZZ5g1maIPOCSFH53uq0cBNGaZhCKEc_nz7n5Kyzju5IVPh6c0cC97YriMOxwZDg4B12xrOWfukDN8eQYzwCN_4_Z8Q4DsrxvkvJToFhsddqSPq9nGRlG0nNLcCz8/s1600/IMG_4023.JPG" height="566" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Then shuffle round into a head-first position, as what you are looking for now - believe it or not - is a hole in the floor ....</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLF8jVI2mURw3aPnjZ2oxCi8O7ZE_c3ElbzzzdoErI2r0QHoM2If9zA5D17EWN0YV8LCIwmEEguZZIchveJPQUjQosOTNc9-Gs7w1a_iNNvSzqu8xgQHkUJOFq4pOsw72t27Jh-k07jdA/s1600/IMG_4029.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLF8jVI2mURw3aPnjZ2oxCi8O7ZE_c3ElbzzzdoErI2r0QHoM2If9zA5D17EWN0YV8LCIwmEEguZZIchveJPQUjQosOTNc9-Gs7w1a_iNNvSzqu8xgQHkUJOFq4pOsw72t27Jh-k07jdA/s1600/IMG_4029.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Got to be round here somewhere ...</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb4FjdQJ3aYlaQl3Z3bx4B_4qnUKwkHKa6f1i_S_9S9PXUp84UzY7I-zA3s6iQYAXD7UBHDBVZ6gDK0x2IXrTkQLZoGMyXDwXaFlZc5JAWXV67sfJ47m6Wwut-WxdL9Hxo1A8DtymljDk/s1600/IMG_4024.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb4FjdQJ3aYlaQl3Z3bx4B_4qnUKwkHKa6f1i_S_9S9PXUp84UzY7I-zA3s6iQYAXD7UBHDBVZ6gDK0x2IXrTkQLZoGMyXDwXaFlZc5JAWXV67sfJ47m6Wwut-WxdL9Hxo1A8DtymljDk/s1600/IMG_4024.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>There it is</i>! Drop down through this hole - keep to the right again - and that's the top end of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Great Douk Cave</span> - beyond where we turned back on our first trip. It looks daunting - but it's a bit like climbing under a low table - only with a flowing stream for company. </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiR7p0kJowBE-wcymeYeMCkJBMX3-MXTYH28EwwJdc-qnfPROZcr7CVqKmUm28jG_n32xO4O_uvJL54cyNatNynyFN67MKEaWN8KtXuxsfwDOgUcHiYaJA4HscObH1OiMNgxu3xVfFPMrg/s1600/5.++The+long+crawl+into+Great+Douk+is+guaranteed+to+fill+your+trousers+with+water..JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiR7p0kJowBE-wcymeYeMCkJBMX3-MXTYH28EwwJdc-qnfPROZcr7CVqKmUm28jG_n32xO4O_uvJL54cyNatNynyFN67MKEaWN8KtXuxsfwDOgUcHiYaJA4HscObH1OiMNgxu3xVfFPMrg/s1600/5.++The+long+crawl+into+Great+Douk+is+guaranteed+to+fill+your+trousers+with+water..JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This sight greets you when you drop through the hole. The stream looks awful to crawl in - but it gets easier as you keep going - and there are dry shelves to avoid a wetting in parts. Keep on your tummy and use your arms to pull yourself along. It's about the length of two swimming pools and the floor is a mass of gastropod fossils. Just keep telling yourself that you'll soon be standing up.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0dFJwIIlNtYLnzSF2TlnPAg7jq6Sc-baWXyA04k4F4f0yN80_UpLP7aNM1-08eWRevlFfGjVG1rvqdOCkkNiy0bJa2a5BkcJK_luchjjW4rM8VGIKqSHbFu1kdZlN0OkD_q3Ivy7IjDM/s1600/IMG_4026.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0dFJwIIlNtYLnzSF2TlnPAg7jq6Sc-baWXyA04k4F4f0yN80_UpLP7aNM1-08eWRevlFfGjVG1rvqdOCkkNiy0bJa2a5BkcJK_luchjjW4rM8VGIKqSHbFu1kdZlN0OkD_q3Ivy7IjDM/s1600/IMG_4026.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">'You'll soon be standing up ... Stephen, lad!'</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5GE5JzJZooj6I8dBRadxLYQRSEKAy4ULDEhOwIPwkfhdcwv-62WuzYMWTJtKP39bi2dZ_0ecwHIfMu_nas8e0hxyM70PnHpB81PBKX6HbWdtmzU8Qxe4aQV0LCoBrIWc-3vRo0icdbrc/s1600/IMG_4132.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5GE5JzJZooj6I8dBRadxLYQRSEKAy4ULDEhOwIPwkfhdcwv-62WuzYMWTJtKP39bi2dZ_0ecwHIfMu_nas8e0hxyM70PnHpB81PBKX6HbWdtmzU8Qxe4aQV0LCoBrIWc-3vRo0icdbrc/s1600/IMG_4132.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Yes indeed! Whoopee! Halleluia!</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixfLOa7vG4s1rmrAUHoCGViVa3uMPD9yeWspVxsDebjwT9GKGYY3tLC2bBOv3Ygeffsl30TgvUgz10noWJXKh5Phj_U0I2gLGUj9URwr1bVobKMViQY6ZlgFvoefdUA5BX3Av_JQ1pUdU/s1600/IMG_4133.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixfLOa7vG4s1rmrAUHoCGViVa3uMPD9yeWspVxsDebjwT9GKGYY3tLC2bBOv3Ygeffsl30TgvUgz10noWJXKh5Phj_U0I2gLGUj9URwr1bVobKMViQY6ZlgFvoefdUA5BX3Av_JQ1pUdU/s1600/IMG_4133.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now it's time to relax - but when you stand up with a caving suit full of cold water for the first time - it's not pleasant when it runs down over your delicate bits. Brrrrrrrrrrrrr! This, by the way, is a side passage leading off at high level - decorated with columns and stalactites.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6LSRI7-ZKYa6hISD47EhYTR_uzbvtRhscTwAKfTmS_IVmpGhPFcB-juz7BVF7DSeVqTXUw9fjfj5Jks8-gXlFStx3QpiKBvQpOw4jHI1zc9-oa6Flm-u_ep7Ym6BwMXz9xnOWUkBOQ20/s1600/IMG_4137.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6LSRI7-ZKYa6hISD47EhYTR_uzbvtRhscTwAKfTmS_IVmpGhPFcB-juz7BVF7DSeVqTXUw9fjfj5Jks8-gXlFStx3QpiKBvQpOw4jHI1zc9-oa6Flm-u_ep7Ym6BwMXz9xnOWUkBOQ20/s1600/IMG_4137.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">How about this for a fantastic red grotto?</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The passage is now big and beautiful - a luxury indeed after the tough crawl in.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Back on familiar territory - just look at that flowstone.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">All the high level shelves contain beauty - as well as evidence of total flooding. Notice the mosses wrapped on the stalactites!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Dearie me - we're back at the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Beehive</span>!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The ancient route of the stream can be seen here, up on the right - in an abandoned passage known as an <span style="color: #3d85c6;">oxbow</span> - with the main passage on the left. Children will love clambering through the oxbow, if properly supervised.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">We missed this on our upstream journey - didn't we? A fabulous <span style="color: #6aa84f;">gour pool</span> flanked by ribs of flowstone at high level. Beautiful.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Over time the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">flowstone curtains</span> across the passage will meet - forming another duck like the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Beehive </span>- but I'll have been pushing daisies for years by the time that happens.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Beyond the skylight of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Little Douk Pot</span> - the cave changes in nature as we head towards the main exit.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Two lovers - about to kiss goodbye?</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Finally - it's back under the limestone bridge for that reassuring glimpse of daylight, and the roar of the water as it plunges down the waterfall.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Climbing down is trickier than going up. Hold a knob of rock at the top and feel around for the step. Take great care with the slippery floor. It would be a shame to spoil it all now.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">And back we are at the impressive <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Great Douk Cave</span>. Hope you've enjoyed the tour and that it may have inspired you to have a go. Just remember - choose good weather - good equipment - go in numbers - and tell someone where you are. <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Great Douk Cave</span> is one of the most exciting days out I know of - and a place that you will return to again and again. It becomes a familiar friend. Please treat it with respect. :)</span></div>
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<span style="color: #6aa84f;">Stephen x</span></div>
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Stephen Oldfieldhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12530850075205687496noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7637858080003886362.post-5189879264722767122014-12-29T08:39:00.001-08:002014-12-29T08:45:03.020-08:00<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-large;">White Wonders of Penyghent</span></h2>
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<span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">The Lion Dons her Winter Coat</span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #3d85c6;">Penyghent </span>never fails to impress in the snow, and yesterday was no exception. Like <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Ingleborough</span>, she is made up of a massive 'cone' of <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Yoredale rocks</span> - alternating layers of limestones, sandstones and shales forming a rocky sandwich, which were determined by changes in sea levels millions of years ago. Also, like her more famous neighbour, she sits on a plinth of <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Great Scar Limestone</span> - only, here on <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Penyghent</span> this isn't so obvious as the main benches have been covered by a layer of glacial drift (seen behind the trees in the picture). Not to be outdone by her cousin, little Penny packs a punch, and yesterday's conditons were perfect to see just how much!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">There wasn't much snow in the lower reaches of <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Ribblesdale</span>. This youthful section of the <span style="color: #3d85c6;">River Ribble</span> is an important salmon spawning ground.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Any visit to <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Stainforth Foss</span>, late in the year, will see the determined fish leaping up the fall on their way to the upper reaches. It is one of the highlights of the Three Peaks! I took this shot in late November.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Another wonderful sight, as we drive along <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Ribblesdale</span>, is the majestic tilted limestone outcrop making up <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Smearsett Scar</span> - or Smearside. Its environs are literally peppered with ancient settlements, burial chambers - and, of course, the famous 'Celtic Wall.' The view from the top is astonishing - as, usually, is the wind! The 'echo' around <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Smearsett</span> is also amazing.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The snowline on <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Penyghent</span> often covers just the upper <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Yoredale Series</span> slopes, leaving a contrasting panorama of blue, green and white. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The lane up to <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Brackenbottom</span> draws the eye onwards towards this magnificent peak. The famous 'nose' of <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Penyghent</span> is well seen in this image. Like <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Ingleborough</span>, the mountain is topped by a thin layer of <span style="color: #3d85c6;">millstone grit </span>- formed when rivers washed coarse grits and sand into a very shallow, swampy sea. Hard to imagine any of that being under water, when you look up there - but it was indeed!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Not often do the works of man fit in well with the great features of limestone country, but this is an exception. Here, the beautiful simplicity of the church at <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Horton-in-Ribblesdale</span> fits perfectly with the crouched feline presence of <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Penyghent</span>. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">There are three very famous potholes on the west flank of the mountain, essentially formed where water rushes off the impermeable <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Yoredale </span>slopes (seen with a dusting of snow) and meets the Great Scar Limestone. This is the gigantic opening of <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Hull Pot</span> - not a quarry - but totally natural. Water only enters in times of flood, over on the left as you view the image. It has been formed on a fault, and massive wedges of rock have peeled off the sides at intervals to make the hole bigger over long periods of time. <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Hull Pot</span> is one of the truly breathtaking sights of the Yorkshire limestone. The layer of glacial drift, smothering the benches, is well seen in this picture above the wall.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The second, and completely different in character, is the nasty looking slit of <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Hunt Pot</span> - most people's standard idea of what a pothole should look like. Here the stream cascades down a fault guided joint into the depths of the earth ... or so it seems. Notice how meltwater has managed to carve out a huge basin in which the main sink actually sits. <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Hunt Pot </span>is potentially lethal - so keep youngsters and dogs well clear.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Last but by no means least is <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Penyghent Pot</span> itself. The <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Hunt Pot</span> water eventually meets the main drain down in the depths of this monster. No big drop this time, but a slot into a series of energy sapping long crawls in freezing cold water, eventually reaching great depths and with no way out at the bottom. What goes in ... must come out the same way. <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Penyghent Pot</span> tests even the hardest cavers. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">And where does all this water emerge? Well, in normal conditions - and as far as is known, most of water emerges here, at <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Brants Gill Head</span>. The clump of trees hides the secret - but the noise of running water can be picked up easily when walking on the path behind the Crown Hotel in Horton. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This is the approach to the cave of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Brants Gill Head</span>, where the water resurges. The hawthorn berries add beauty to the wild and impressive scene. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The mouth of the cave sees the water emerging on the left side. The right hand side quickly closes down to a narrow fissure. In flood conditions it's impossible to get anywhere near.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">I love this view from the mouth of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Brants Gill Head</span>, looking downstream at the emerging water - which must have one heck of a tale to tell.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The same view in monochrome is equally impressive.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">There are many mysteries involving the water beneath <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Penyghent</span>. In high flood, for example, <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Brants Gill Head </span>cannot cope with all the water and the water suddenly begins to surge out of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Douk Gill Cave</span>, seen here - and half a mile away to the south. <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Douk Gill</span> is a stunning little spot, described by 19th century writers as 'Malham Cove in miniature' and particularly enchanting. This view is from the lane behind Horton Primary School as the Gill is on private land. Winter allows us a glimpse as in summer it is smothered by foliage. In extreme weather, not even <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Douk Gill</span> can cope, and so another exit, <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Dub Cote Cave</span>, lying further south still, is used by the water. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">I took the path behind the Crown Hotel to see more of Penyghent's hidden wonders - pausing to admire the works of man, which fit in perfectly in Ribblesdale.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Wandering northwards, this barn forms a great picture backed by the dominating presence of the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Ingleborough</span> massif, with a coating of snow.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In the distance, <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Little Ingleborough</span> can be seen leading up to the summit of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Ingleborough</span> itself, with the spur of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Simon Fell </span>on the right. Beneath live the limestone benches, not covered by drift, but having been swept clean by the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Ribblesdale glacier</span> to leave smooth pavements of limestone.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">I always like to photograph my shadow - just to prove a mortal like me actually had a place for a few seconds in this fantastic landscape. It is a privilege to walk it!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">At the head of the dale, <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Whernside's</span> 2419 feet provide a massive wall, with a thin layer of swirling cloud.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The path soon reaches the sensational sight of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Sell Gill Holes</span>. The water originally sank in the now dry entrance just right of the wall at the top of the picture. It has since found its present 'wet' route into the massive Main Chamber below. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The wet entrance at <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Sell Gill Holes</span> leads down this slippery staircase into a passage, and then down a big pitch into the Main Chamber. It is a tricky route and best tackled in dry weather. Also, hidden inside this way, is the daunting 37 metre <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Goblin Shaft</span>, an alternative way into the depths.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Most cavers sensibly stick to the dry route, the 'v' shaped notch indicating a former water channel.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The initial drop is only about 35 feet this way - before two more drops requiring ladders or abseiling.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Some idea of the situation at the dry entrance to <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Sell Gill Holes</span>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The Sell Gill Suspension Bridge.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEide-8eiY_gSur8-Q1IcQ0IeQwpYf9fzE33EsT2ZjLuiada3WChUPjc5w_azlzSVLl1WFXlvZKwmj37znNiv2x4r1ALkAfxCOmKijrnAnZ9szwklCtamuDE83bpi-t7g3CsYXZLAVoeXkg/s1600/IMG_3941.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEide-8eiY_gSur8-Q1IcQ0IeQwpYf9fzE33EsT2ZjLuiada3WChUPjc5w_azlzSVLl1WFXlvZKwmj37znNiv2x4r1ALkAfxCOmKijrnAnZ9szwklCtamuDE83bpi-t7g3CsYXZLAVoeXkg/s1600/IMG_3941.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Don't try these silly things. I was just wishing I was still fit enough to descend. Fortunately I decided to live another day so you can enjoy another post. I stepped back ...</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This was the view behind me when I was peering into the pothole - the obviously abandoned waterfall that formed the original entrance to the system.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This roofless barn beyond <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Sell Gill Holes</span> always invites a camera. The dusting of snow adds further beauty, as does the lowering sun.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">An alternative view, with the clouds scudding gently over <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Park Fell</span> in the background.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #3d85c6;">Jackdaw Hole</span> lies just off the track and is surrounded by a fence. It is rarely visited, though clearly labelled on the OS map. The 5o foot deep shaft, plugged by a layer of glacial deposit, is like a setting from The Lord of the Rings. It's well worth a nosey!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">A view into <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Jackdaw Hole</span> from the southern end, showing the walls of <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Great Scar Limestone</span>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">A view of the northern end of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Jackdaw Hole</span>, with the usual array of ferns and ash saplings clinging to the limestone.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This is where you expect to see Gollum. A view into the depths of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Jackdaw Hole</span> from the west side, showing the glacial debris plugging the shaft, which would originally have been much deeper. It is clearly very ancient.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The ash tree at the west side provides a sensational view in, but it was too icy today for comfort.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">I love this view down into the depths beneath the gnarled and twisted old branches of the ash. Very wild!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Just beyond, and shyly hidden to the right, is the sinister entrance to <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Penyghent Long Churn</span>. This unfenced hole drops at least 70 feet into constricted, inky blackness. It is possible to wiggle on your tummy to watch the water falling straight as a plumb line into the limestone. The shaft is extremely flood prone and needs perfect weather to have a go!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This is usually where you do your tummy wiggling, but in ice you may wiggle an inch too far - so I didn't!!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">As the sun was lowering and the temperatures dropping, I headed back, well satisfied, along the <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Pennine Way</span> - past this ancient gatepost - which appears to be lost in another time.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The low angle of the setting sun gave the scene a real sense of being 'lost in time'. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">A quick detour to the east just gave me enough time to capture the last glimmers of light on <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Penyghent</span> - the Lion of Ribblesdale.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Here she lies, magnificent, above the sweeping layer of glaical drift hiding her biggest secrets.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">See you again, pal ... I'll be back soon.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #f1c232; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>Sell Gill, Jackdaw Hole and Penyghent Long Churn are great objectives for a leisurely stroll from Horton, taking the track behind the Crown Hotel. Walking eastwards over the moor to Hunt and Hull Pots, the return track to Horton can be picked up for an enjoyable circular - full of suprises. Enjoy your exploring!</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Stephen x</span></div>
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Stephen Oldfieldhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12530850075205687496noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7637858080003886362.post-32257391862793465982014-12-23T11:31:00.002-08:002014-12-23T11:31:51.768-08:00<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguFQt4YW1DbmOAl8lwmf9n81adNWlDaL52-JwWs5DHTB2aDM3PkL5V4v4cYzpgqmo8xMg0waomNIqgOj4Og4lBDCPWdHLPerc7lK4kojcoLsZ9J1oo0nc6ASQp5-nhHwIqwwbrwjvmCdg/s1600/cover.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguFQt4YW1DbmOAl8lwmf9n81adNWlDaL52-JwWs5DHTB2aDM3PkL5V4v4cYzpgqmo8xMg0waomNIqgOj4Og4lBDCPWdHLPerc7lK4kojcoLsZ9J1oo0nc6ASQp5-nhHwIqwwbrwjvmCdg/s1600/cover.png" height="640" width="408" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">The forthcoming book: <span style="color: #6aa84f;">'A Three Peaks Up and Under'</span> to be published by <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Scratching Shed Publishing</span> in the Spring of 2015, is the result of 30 years exploring and thinking about the limestone landscapes of the Three Peaks. With 22 chapters, 15 describing adventures 'above' and seven 'below' ground - the book also contains an extensive introduction 'for rock fans only' - describing how the caves, potholes, pavements and other limestone curiosities came to be. Illustrated by the author and written in a highly humorous style - it is certain to have seasoned Three Peaks walkers dusting off their boots and examining this amazing region with fresh eyes.</span></div>
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Stephen Oldfieldhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12530850075205687496noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7637858080003886362.post-17698580137856076552014-12-06T02:12:00.000-08:002014-12-10T14:19:16.952-08:00<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-large;">Leck Fell - a Glimpse into Hell?</span></h2>
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<span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">From the Eyes of Death to the Fairies' Workshop</span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Leck Fell</span> is an isolated limestone plateau - actually in <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Lancashire</span>, but an essential part of the 'Dales' limestone country. The limestone is covered by a layer of boulder clay and the moorland can be bleak to the timid observer - even off-putting. Yet <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Leck Fell</span> is a fascinating landscape where many ancient and spectacular pothole shafts drop deep into the bowels of the earth to link up with the longest cave system so far discovered in Britain. One of the shafts was formerly known as '<span style="color: #6aa84f;">Hell Hole</span>', and for many centuries folk believed these yawning chasms were actually gateways to the lair of his satanic majesty.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Great Coum</span> lies to the north, beyond <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Ease Gill</span>, while the lonely heights of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Gragareth </span>rise to the east - overlooking <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Leck Fell House</span>, surely the most remote dwelling in Lancashire, if not the highest.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">On this adventure I explored the north west corner of the landscape shown here - where lurk some of the most bizarrely beautiful, yet dauntingly dangerous surface openings in Britain. <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Leck Fell</span> is private land, and caving strictly requires a permit - but the landowner does not usually object to a lone walker, or a sensibly small group, having a peek at the marvels on show. If great care is taken throughout, and the <i>obvious footpaths adhered to </i>- this is a rewarding place of endless fascination. An obvious car parking spot is reached on the left of the lane which reaches the moor from the A65, two fields down from <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Leck Fell House</span> - while scanning the skyline above the house in clear weather will reveal the ever present <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Three Men of Gragareth</span>.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">As we enter the enclosure to the left we can see how the <span style="color: #3d85c6;">boulder clay</span> that covers the limestone has slumped to form dolines or shakeholes like this one, due to the activity of water underneath.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Following the wall westwards, a fenced hole is immediately obvious to the right, hiding the entrance to <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Short Drop Cave</span>.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Following the wall, as we are, from the parking spot, you can see how we meet the doline and divert to the right (north) to <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Short Drop Cave</span>, with the forthcoming horrors clearly marked!!!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The neat little entrance drops, as the name suggests, into an active streamway and, with sufficient skill, cavers can emerge in <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Gavel Pot</span> in the next field. <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Short Drop Cave</span> is a wonderful underground experience with some superb cascades and formations.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">From Short Drop, a glance to the north will reveal a prominent tree, and approaching it becomes obvious this is hidiing something rather special - if sinister. This is the tremendous chasm of <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Rumbling Hole</span>, best described by the <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Balderstons</span> in their classic '<i><span style="color: #3d85c6;">Ingleton, Bygone and Present</span></i>' (1888): '<i>We felt spellbound for the moment, and quite unmatched in our cave hunting attire for the felicitous loveliness before us</i>.' They go on to say that: '<i>In the tables of memory we set it down, that others might revel in what so delighted us, accustomed as we have been both from youth and observation to such scenes</i>.' Clearly, Rumbling Hole's 155 feet shaft left a lasting impression.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The curious name originates from the strange sounds that emanate from depths as the water rushes in from <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Rumbling Beck Cave</span>; the whole ground seeming to vibrate - and the Balderstons continue: '<i>Tap tap tap comes slowly from the distant depths; this is the home of the gnomes or fairies; they are at work below in their workshop, and a far-off hammering can be heard. Leave them in peace! Some day the good fays may work your weal, although the ill-natured have designated as Rumbling Hole, what we prefer to dream of as the <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Fairies' Workshop</span>.'</i></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Whatever the name - this is a mind-numbing place: inspiring equal amounts of awe and delight.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Couches of heather and ferns slope perilously down to the drop. The Balderstons speak of: 'mosses, polpody, blechnum and oxalis.' This is a botanist's paradise.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This wonderfully coloured spectacle is the view that so captivated those 19th century explorers, a tree at the western end forming a convenient 'v' from which to view the depths of <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Rumbling Hole</span>. This is believed to be the most ancient of the holes on <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Leck Fell</span>, probably carved out along a fault by a long vanished water source certainly well before the last glaciation.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Even the limestone sides of the shaft are coated with luxurious vegetation.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Nearby, a depression on the moor sees <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Rumbling Beck Cave</span> swallowing a small stream. The stream emerges as a waterfall in the Fairies' Workshop of <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Rumbling Hole</span> - 8 metres below the surface. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">A sparkling little cascade forms a pool in the limestone beds before making its way into <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Rumbling Beck Cave</span>.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Peering into <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Rumbling Beck Cave</span> - a narrow, clean-washed canyon in the limestone.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Looking across the fell as we exit <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Rumbling Beck Cave</span>. Here the uplifted greywackes run along the <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Dent Fault</span> in <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Barbondale </span>to form<span style="color: #3d85c6;"> Calf Top</span>: a spectacular sight when catching the sun.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">After the massive dimensions of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Rumbling Hole</span>, we meet this little fella - the cute and aptly named <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Humble Pot</span>. All shapes and sizes are available on <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Leck Fell</span>.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">A dry valley ends in this prominent limestone cliff - below which is the entrance to <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Long Drop Cave</span>. The Balderstons write that, having lit a candle: 'our progress was unceremoniously arrested eight or nine yards from the mouth by a hideous rift' and 'a sudden descent of thirty feet might have rewarded carelessness.'</span><br />
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T<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">he entrance to the main passage of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Long Drop Cave</span>. This was probably formed by a meltwater channel during a warmer 'periglacial' spell, though its exact age is uncertain. Many of the caves and holes on <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Leck Fell</span> are plugged with glacial debris suggesting they outdate the last glaciation and are very ancient features.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Another entrance into <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Long Drop Cave</span>. Boulder clay can be seen on the left, having slumped into the hole.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">And yet another way-in to <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Long Drop Cave</span> - definitely not for the faint hearted!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Returning to the moor, a breeding site for Red Grouse. Their persistent call of 'go back, back, back' may well be a wise one considering what lies in store for us next.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Another fenced shaft - this time of a very different nature. This has been largely filled with glacial debris and was no doubt once a much deeper feature.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">It bears the name of '<span style="color: #6aa84f;">The Eye Holes</span>' and you can see why: a splendid limestone bridge forming the top of the nose between the two gaunt sockets.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The '<span style="color: #6aa84f;">Eye Holes</span>' just have to be explored by the true lover of limestone. You have to clamber beneath that velvety nose, having already come this far!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Here I am under the 'bridge' of the nose: a special place. When you stand here, you feel rather special, knowing not many have ever passed beneath this bridge. You are privileged.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Privileged indeed!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Exiting the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Eye Holes</span>, glance south west to the wall running down the field that marked the start of our adventure. This limestone man, outstetched hand on the left and clenched fist on the right, is the only sign of anything remotely like a human.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The glance will reveal another tree - and this time a hole you just don't want to mess with! This is <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Death's Head Hole</span>, named by Harry Speight in 1892 as the '<span style="color: #3d85c6;">Hell Hole</span>' itself, and take great care if you cross the fence. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">You can easily understand why, to the locals of long ago, this was indeed the entrance to Hell. The massive shaft drops a straight 200 feet into the limestone, but as the Balderstons tell us (1888) : 'not so richly adonred as the Fairies' Workshop, but still radiant in its embellishments.'</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This is the mouth of the <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Death's Head</span> in close-up, the sinister 200 foot (64 metres) shaft a daunting sight - and some 70 feet (23 metres) down it is possible for cavers to climb into <span style="color: #3d85c6;">East Passage</span>, a very ancient stretch of cave formed entirely underwater but now left dry and choked by glacial debris.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The fern garden of <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Death's Head Hole</span> is ironically beautiful considering the shocking scene of the immediate surroundings. Wainwright calls this ' a twin in terror to Rumbling Hole' and decribes the pair of them, somewhat unromantically for him, as ' places fit for a horror film.'</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The best time to visit is in the autumn, as during the summer the luxuriant vegetation covers the finest view of the main shaft. <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Death's Head Hole </span>is humbling to the onlooker - and the modern world seems to be of another planet in comparison. This is the world before we came and spoiled it.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">If the main shaft is the mouth, here at the eastern end are the eyes and nose, separated by a bridge of rock with massive drops through the sockets that would be your last. Let's have a closer look if we dare ...</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The staring eyes of the <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Death's Head</span>. Here I am standing on one bridge, looking at another, and with sheer drops all around. It's not a place to hang around long. Sinister if not bizarrely so, <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Death's Head Hole</span> makes even experienced adventurers shudder. An amazing place.</span><br />
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I<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">t's actually a relief to remain alive and think 'well it didn't get me this time' as you emerge once more onto the heathery moor. But another mean surprise lies in store ....</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">... and a big one at that, for this is '<span style="color: #3d85c6;">Big Meanie</span>'. 'Mean' I suppose in that it looks like a cute little walk-in cave entrance compared to what we've encountered up to now ... but not far inside a huge 49 metre shaft plunges into the bowels of the earth, so don't even think about entering. Even worse, the first few metres of the drop are tight, and squeeze the caver's delicate parts before he finally hangs in the black void. Mean indeed is <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Big Meanie.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Big Meanie </span>is easy to find as it lies in a shakehole alongside an obvious 'chink' in the stone wall. It was probably carved out by meltwater stream. If we could pull off all that boulder clay, we would see the gleaming limestone underneath in which <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Big Meanie </span>has formed.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">It's then a case of following the wall back to the starting point - that way, at least you know you're not goiing to fall down any holes. Can you believe it - I met another human!!!??? His words were, in an American accent, 'I'm a just gowna chick out da big meaneeeee' .... I thought I was dreaming. There's others as mad as me in the run up to Christmas.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">When you've been 'almost under' for a couple of hours you feel like goiing 'up' and surveying it all, and there is no better way than climbing <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Gragareth</span>. To do this we follow the lane up behind <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Leck Fell House </span>.... is that Sky tv I detect in this 'untouched' landscape???? Argh!!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">What a view though, as we climb, across to Barbon Low Fell and beyond to Morecambe Bay and the Lake District. The field containing all the potholes we've just visited lies, heather-clad, to the left.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8ZX6QPqWJuHqGdrqvAJQK95vQZUlOKiHlkYmpKN2VtulmdFnVcWpowNyaOEFdE6lezR1kJiqAYJmA1404M0T_MJ3eL8FZyBERfVcWCqPHp3Ci3WClk5xPU7m8UmiEiklOppAB7pRJe9Pk/s1600/IMG_3771.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8ZX6QPqWJuHqGdrqvAJQK95vQZUlOKiHlkYmpKN2VtulmdFnVcWpowNyaOEFdE6lezR1kJiqAYJmA1404M0T_MJ3eL8FZyBERfVcWCqPHp3Ci3WClk5xPU7m8UmiEiklOppAB7pRJe9Pk/s1600/IMG_3771.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The view across to <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Calf Top</span>, the massive uplifted wedge of Ordovician rocks uplifted along the <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Dent Fault.</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8Qkei8S2QPRXT7lG9fo9kRgDeTK_9wUBTjG2T778Tn1eCJrTWSQy643eU8iMDyYInw5EGopwEpuHkyHAmcc-eRPt2FMVLMa7LN4dB-j4w_6IwGSHm9WnX2vQPC9_OsqXpGnwIdQm6iQpD/s1600/IMG_3773.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8Qkei8S2QPRXT7lG9fo9kRgDeTK_9wUBTjG2T778Tn1eCJrTWSQy643eU8iMDyYInw5EGopwEpuHkyHAmcc-eRPt2FMVLMa7LN4dB-j4w_6IwGSHm9WnX2vQPC9_OsqXpGnwIdQm6iQpD/s1600/IMG_3773.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The sun then reappeared and the view was just ... well, stunning.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgd7Tep1D245HAsSc1Zk3RDVDwVFdGd3rrT_iraQ3maWwZBxoMj1crjaSC-p0TMXhiTirtn5ivWQ4N0pEbljWtbFxItqif11rSWHSoOI2_i5tA9GnF1fI1ODej0nhkzei4gHkEpY7XWIIZf/s1600/IMG_3775.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgd7Tep1D245HAsSc1Zk3RDVDwVFdGd3rrT_iraQ3maWwZBxoMj1crjaSC-p0TMXhiTirtn5ivWQ4N0pEbljWtbFxItqif11rSWHSoOI2_i5tA9GnF1fI1ODej0nhkzei4gHkEpY7XWIIZf/s1600/IMG_3775.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">A scramble up off the path behind the house, and we meet the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Three Men of Gragareth</span>. At over 2000 feet this might look a drab mountain, but trust me the views are UNBELIEVABLE!!!</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWGJT1h26JCkADX_1azcdlqsev1CTH0Qw81n6jenM3KRmY-v7JHdbNLWK8FTY831lm-MIHL9IcH7CFyRP6k035UE6o8giZRjgLX0BxcYrVOKcdNZwvVi0lw56lRAaf4_S-UiQxRlBD1Abv/s1600/IMG_3777.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWGJT1h26JCkADX_1azcdlqsev1CTH0Qw81n6jenM3KRmY-v7JHdbNLWK8FTY831lm-MIHL9IcH7CFyRP6k035UE6o8giZRjgLX0BxcYrVOKcdNZwvVi0lw56lRAaf4_S-UiQxRlBD1Abv/s1600/IMG_3777.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">How do they remain standing in the elements that must hammer at them, unrelentingly?</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8J5JoGHip2WyJua_yOPENSJKHN0-pg8dHtuKbgt-9SYz93Wh6QnNHv-Zb9zflQbxoWOkajeBQWL6SkRiQdk_-8PdpRiMRTwA3ZiR7t7DYXfrqX2yW8gbArRZyoXVJoO-Gyyem3qjwZOSm/s1600/IMG_3779.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8J5JoGHip2WyJua_yOPENSJKHN0-pg8dHtuKbgt-9SYz93Wh6QnNHv-Zb9zflQbxoWOkajeBQWL6SkRiQdk_-8PdpRiMRTwA3ZiR7t7DYXfrqX2yW8gbArRZyoXVJoO-Gyyem3qjwZOSm/s1600/IMG_3779.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In Wainwright's words: 'They have an origin beyond the memory of man ....'</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCwo9UD2ifuR29wH0C7iFcGuU6ublyZawwMEW6IurPrecD4k0ltUY9Ii1PsVCYp45UpBRLeFRZoAW9jM2F33uBPMUt4868M0CKVIucXCxEuoTmMdLuwCdJd1fVbd_UMPyAuRtuYW9n3xxa/s1600/IMG_3781.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCwo9UD2ifuR29wH0C7iFcGuU6ublyZawwMEW6IurPrecD4k0ltUY9Ii1PsVCYp45UpBRLeFRZoAW9jM2F33uBPMUt4868M0CKVIucXCxEuoTmMdLuwCdJd1fVbd_UMPyAuRtuYW9n3xxa/s1600/IMG_3781.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> 'they stand side by side, mute sentinels overlooking a vast panorama that has never changed and never will.'</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT8kUSnhfqFYhq_hpwa7TJsqLxvWMM9io8fSRRtyAi7ppPqSZQvzTJ_uizj6eGygnbwFNCDT9C2pdBBirqcWMqD9vV7v4GdkkYaJogVbggCF5L_YzixaR4QWZ82xPNAk0mrQrnHnpaCib4/s1600/IMG_3789.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT8kUSnhfqFYhq_hpwa7TJsqLxvWMM9io8fSRRtyAi7ppPqSZQvzTJ_uizj6eGygnbwFNCDT9C2pdBBirqcWMqD9vV7v4GdkkYaJogVbggCF5L_YzixaR4QWZ82xPNAk0mrQrnHnpaCib4/s1600/IMG_3789.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Well they can occasionally!!! Here's the Four Men of Gragareth. Self portrait this one ... set the ten second time and leg it!</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvzXjNMi2qQEcidi1KWqXAnSCQwnzWH02rjTajZy8I33rUZ_vbUToJfXAMxJC1fJK6lNGqgZb0kJJWSRfn-Bp3HS0oC730kCIK99jHHEu5azphwgSI-GyCIsgvF1hyphenhyphensOZfkDIs1_9N2C4W/s1600/IMG_3793.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvzXjNMi2qQEcidi1KWqXAnSCQwnzWH02rjTajZy8I33rUZ_vbUToJfXAMxJC1fJK6lNGqgZb0kJJWSRfn-Bp3HS0oC730kCIK99jHHEu5azphwgSI-GyCIsgvF1hyphenhyphensOZfkDIs1_9N2C4W/s1600/IMG_3793.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">One of my favourite places on this planet. It was indeed mute. Wind, sheep, birds, vehicles .... none of them interrupted <i>absolute</i> silence. There was a living world down there somewhere. I had to kick myself to believe it.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsBVyjmtspTkNoWzTUZAs_A8muChWXiSuJkCJMrlkP9E3D4FNlkJ5zWIYBDxM8vqPRydAGggpZIunlPFl-UtA2DTypsUWaqiYza2DdN1jitHtJp7gjNQAT3rlJUEKGal0gQEA-CBiPGRsh/s1600/IMG_3794.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsBVyjmtspTkNoWzTUZAs_A8muChWXiSuJkCJMrlkP9E3D4FNlkJ5zWIYBDxM8vqPRydAGggpZIunlPFl-UtA2DTypsUWaqiYza2DdN1jitHtJp7gjNQAT3rlJUEKGal0gQEA-CBiPGRsh/s1600/IMG_3794.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Gragareth is formed of the same Yoredale series of alternating sandstones, limestones and shales that make up the more shapely Three Peaks. Amazing to think that these layers were laid down over a vast amount of time by fluctuating sea levels. All this lot was once under water, and near the equator!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Geology and the Dales have never-ending stories, more spectacular than any we create.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">I stayed here a long time, chewing on my thoughts ...</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Until the light began to fade ...</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">And the last glimmers of November sun warmed the cockles of the Three Men.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSws5T6WAxnT8iBMPmtVCUQlZ71C3EkHrjc9tuhPoRGiZ6ETB4xdGRTabCa_5uswzTeyJMIssUD8ERlfqc4MJEZMa7oQ_80vbSY4q6Pw_zySAA16mBY8HF8aa7E6fskxtk9OkDrtdCY3wQ/s1600/IMG_3816.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSws5T6WAxnT8iBMPmtVCUQlZ71C3EkHrjc9tuhPoRGiZ6ETB4xdGRTabCa_5uswzTeyJMIssUD8ERlfqc4MJEZMa7oQ_80vbSY4q6Pw_zySAA16mBY8HF8aa7E6fskxtk9OkDrtdCY3wQ/s1600/IMG_3816.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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T<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">hen it was a melancholy wave goodbye to old friends from an Oldfield.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2rEGg_vc_47c_4JFK9JBnMb8hlqZSoQAKEsPeJ0Q2Ewzw5W7XuKl5UcXnvHj0d-KehGhaV_sTjQ4ammuQ4A11fzQ-TRfN0fYKprUex2l3OjkARlhCIRWRveQAg8LFIQg0IzDD-c3r6kx2/s1600/IMG_3820.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2rEGg_vc_47c_4JFK9JBnMb8hlqZSoQAKEsPeJ0Q2Ewzw5W7XuKl5UcXnvHj0d-KehGhaV_sTjQ4ammuQ4A11fzQ-TRfN0fYKprUex2l3OjkARlhCIRWRveQAg8LFIQg0IzDD-c3r6kx2/s1600/IMG_3820.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">And very soon my glimpses into hell ...</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9m-hyCOQzfBvHEDpAVu2gKyovRoUXF7IIEYhHZUGSzC5qWcoz8jWMgc_qwTmVoPgc35xXKrOEvOWImmVTt6mN6Nyfx-XQMdrVKsMXvRF8I-fupOG8ag-ousINmYL-W97pq8wc_yhAljFE/s1600/IMG_3832.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9m-hyCOQzfBvHEDpAVu2gKyovRoUXF7IIEYhHZUGSzC5qWcoz8jWMgc_qwTmVoPgc35xXKrOEvOWImmVTt6mN6Nyfx-XQMdrVKsMXvRF8I-fupOG8ag-ousINmYL-W97pq8wc_yhAljFE/s1600/IMG_3832.JPG" height="328" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">... had become a glimpse into heaven.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Stephen x</span></div>
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Stephen Oldfieldhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12530850075205687496noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7637858080003886362.post-71942992040855828052014-11-16T05:32:00.000-08:002016-02-07T12:48:39.672-08:00<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #f1c232; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;">A West Kingsdale Wander</span></h2>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">To Marble Steps and Beyond</span></h3>
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<span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">An Autumn Stroll Along the Pothole Promenade</span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Blackpool's promenade can be a little bit bleak once the lights have gone. The promenade of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">West Kingsdale</span>, along the old peat-cutters' highway known as the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Turbary Road</span>, is an exciting and spectacular vantage point - full of interest: so much so that it can take me hours to cover just three miles. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Kingsdale</span>, inhabited by Norse settlers a over a thousand years ago - once held a lake formed by the remnants of a glacier - and the lake bed can be seen clearly in this photograph.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The floor of the valley is now covered by a layer of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">alluvium</span> (glacial deposits) with spectacular <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Great Scar Limestone</span> benches on either side, and the lonely farmstead of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Braida Garth </span>nestled in the distance. <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Whernside</span> lies in cloud.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">About 14,000 years ago, the Kingsdale glacier bulldozed a massive amount of debris along the valley - debris known as <span style="color: #6aa84f;">moraine</span>. Some plugged the end of the valley to form a barrier known as the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Raven Ray</span> (see the waterfalls walk post) while the lateral moraine was plastered on the valley sides. Here it forms<span style="color: #6aa84f;"> Wackenburgh Hill</span> - the large mound blocking the base of the limestone benches in the photograph. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">This morning I was heading up onto the west side of the valley - along the old peat-cutters' highway of the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Turbary Road</span>. Very few know of it - and even fewer have been along it. Yet it's a breathtaking place with some of the finest potholes in the UK. Come and have a look.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">As we head up onto the fell, <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Ingleborough</span> peeps over the horizon to the east. <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Wackenburgh hill</span> is very prominent to the left, and <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Kingsdale Beck</span> is soon to become the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">River Twiss</span>, seen here breaking through the<span style="color: #6aa84f;"> Raven Ray</span> moraine barrier. The original course of the river was to the extreme right of the photograph - but the moraine barrier meant the river had to find a new course. Notice how it has broken through at the very lowest point of the moraine? It soon plunges down <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Thornton Force</span> ... but that's another story.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Here you can see how the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">moraine </span>has been plastered along the sides of the valley to form <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Wackenburgh Hill</span>, which itself hides a fascinating series of caves and potholes. This view is looking north east along Kingsdale. I took the picture in mute conditions. No birds or sheep. Absolute silence. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The path heads up onto <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Keld Head Scar</span>, and the familiar sight of fractured Great Scar Limestone.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Then it's over a ladder stile. This view is peeping back over to <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Ingleborough</span>, <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Wackenburgh Hill </span>and the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Raven Ray</span> - a lovely blend of colours in the landscape.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">A green path picks its way through the limestone up towards the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Turbary Road</span>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The limestone pavements are well weathered and fractured, unlike the vast exapnses of those on Scales Moor. The <span style="color: #6aa84f;">clints</span> are only small and this is real 'leg-breaker' territory.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">As always with limestone country - things never stay the same for two minutes. These two fellas capture the attention from a distance - the right hand specimen known as the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Cheese Press Stone</span>.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">They are not erratics: to be labelled as such they would have to be composed of a different rock, lying on the pavements. These are 100% limestone - and must have been plucked from higher up the valley before being dropped here by the melting ice. Eventually the pavement on which they stand will be eroded away to leave them balanced on pedestals. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Cheese Press Stone</span> is estimated to weigh about 15 tons!! Its companion, on the left, always sems to me to be dozing off with a 'leave me alone' mouth and closed eye on the right. I have a weird imagination I guess.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">You don't see me very often - thankfully. I was trying out the camera 10 second timer here ... set it .. press it ... and leg it to the boulder for a self portrait. Not bad for starters.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">I love this view as it shows the wider landscape - and the slowly diminishing limestone pavement. How do you drag yourself away from a place like this? It's wonderful. For a brief second, my mind wandered to all the little people wandering round the Trafford Centre.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">No, I wasn't trying to push it over - I was giving it an affectionate pat - as one would do with a horse.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Don't they look great seen from behind? <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Ingleborough</span> and <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Scales Moor</span> set them off to perfection.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Using a zoom you can get a different perspective of<span style="color: #6aa84f;"> Ingleborough</span> dominating the view - even with these two fellas in his midst. He always demands our ultimate attention.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">A layer of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">drift</span> covers the limestone as we head upwards: shakeholes - correctly termed dolines, are everywhere, indicating caves and passages below in the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Great Scar Limestone</span>.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Then we meet the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Turbary Road</span>. Peat was transported down to <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Masongill </span>along this old highway. If we turn right, towards the camera, it's along the 'Potty Prom' as I call it - to a wealth of limestone highlights, but first we head left - a little diversion off the road as we seek out <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Marble Steps Pot</span>. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Trees are so rare that when you do seen one, you feel sorry for it. It's like 'Hey look at that poor tree.' You feel like giving it a hug. We start to get that layer of peat here, indicating there was once extensive vegetation cover.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Then a whole cluster of them appear, somewhat bizarrely. These lie in a walled enclosure and I have never been able to work out what its use was. Rabbit breeding? Grouse? Pheasant? Or was it just a bull enclosure? Answers on a postcard, please. If there's one thing that annoys me - it's not knowing why something is there.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">This stream has a more simple explanation. <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Marble Steps Beck</span> runs down of the impermaeable slopes of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Gragareth</span> behind - and as we know, once an active stream meets limestone, well , we're in for something special, because sooner or later it meets a joint in the rock - and down it goes!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">And down it goes indeed! The clump of trees were planted as a warning, for there's no ordinary pothole here. This one is a monster in every sense. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The stream rushes into the massive gash of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Marble Steps Pot </span>- named after the slippery black limestone staircase it tumbles down. Take extreme care here - and keep children under lock and key.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">According to <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Wainwright</span>, Marble Steps Pot 'looks almost inviting, the setting having a beauty in contrast to the desolate moorlands around. But amateur explorers should not be tempted to approach the hole to closely ........' he warns us ...</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">'Anybody falling in is likely to come out, if at all, as a corpse. It is 430 feet deep.'</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">I have always loved that description: it's brilliant. Actually the pothole does descend that far, but only in a series of stages - and your first drop would only be about 100 .... 120 ish ... so not too worrying! These lads were from Sheffield University: the first time I've ever met anybody else here. Oh, and they didn't fall in.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">That black hole is the 120 foot bit I was telling you about. Lucky fallers might land on the ferns, and hopefully not bounce down the hole. Beautiful though, isn't it?</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Rather than fall in - these cavers decided to take the sensible route - roped up and a stage at a time.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">I managed a great shot of the last caver to descend - giving a sense of scale to this magnificent, humbling place.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">This pothole is up there with the very best. Certainly in the top 5 in the UK.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The gully leading down into the depths can be explored for a short distance by ordinary mortals. This western entrance was actually the first part of the pothole to be formed, the former main inlets now being blocked. <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Marble Steps</span> pre-dates the last last glaciation - as the hole was completely filled with glacial debris during the 'Ice Age', which were later penetrated by the entering streams.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">But the pot gets its name from the polished, marble-like steps down which the beck tumbles on its way to the darkness.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The effects of this water action on the exposed limestone are superb.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Sculpted by thousands of years of water action.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">This photograph shows the stream sinking into <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Marble Steps Pot</span> - where a major joint, affected by faulting, has been exploited by the stream running off <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Gragareth</span>. The pot has an amazingly complex history. At one time a totally flooded passage connected with <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Ireby Fell Cavern</span> and <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Leck Beck</span> to the north - but the stream has since found a new route at lower level to emerge, as with all the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Kingsdale</span> potholes, at the deep pool of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Keld Head</span> (see the last photograph in this post). The size of the 'v' shaped valley seen above indicates that this was scoured out my meltwater. At first, when the hole was blocked completely by debris, the meltwater cut a channel below the pot to <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Low Douk Cave</span>, which we'll visit another day.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Here's our route so far, showing how it all fits together and how we are about to visit <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Rift Pot</span> before swinging round onto the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Turbary Road</span>. Notice how the meltwater, unable to find its way down the blocked <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Marble Steps Pot</span>, carved the channel toward <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Low Douk Cave</span>, which I've shown with a blue dotted line. Fascinating as well to see that <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Ireby Fell Cavern</span> lies so close, but the stubborn water still manages to find its way through the limestone and shale layers all the way to the deep pool of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Keld Head</span>. Underground Yorkshire is full of surprises - many still only just being understood.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The last few seconds of daylight for the stream before it vanishes into the pot. Hundreds of feet down is a massive <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Main Chamber</span> - followed by a crawl and further drops into passages known as the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Intestines</span>. All cavers who do brave it have no choice but to come out the same way, as the pothole terminates at a sump which eventually emerges in Kingsdale.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">I suppose this is what <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Wainwright </span>meant by the beauty on an otherwise desolate moor. <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Marble Steps Pot</span> lies hidden by the cluster of trees. Notice the old <span style="color: #6aa84f;">meltwater channel</span> on the left?</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Just south of the pot we meet a cluster of gigantic <span style="color: #6aa84f;">dolines</span> or 'shakeholes' indicating the chaos going on in the limestone beneath the surface.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The most impressive is <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Rift Pot </span>- and it has a very special guard at the entrance ...</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The wooden gate is to prevent sheep from being too nosey - but how about that for a miserable, forbidding looking skull?</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Two crescents of moss make his eyes: you certainly wouldn't bet against him screaming at you for entering.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Rift Pot</span> has some lovely limestone sculpture - and here's an example at the entrance.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Below the skull is the entrance itself - a series of shafts leading into the moor. The mosses and ferns are a welcome sight at <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Rift Pot</span>. The shafts descend to link up with other pots emerging at <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Keld Head</span>, and the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Temple of Doom</span> and <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Pleasuredome</span> (great names) link up through totally flooded passages to ... you've guessed it ... <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Ireby Fell Cavern</span>. It's like the London Underground beneath these fells.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Returning to the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Turbary Road</span>, it's now time to head north and pick up a quick succession of spectacular features along the peat-cutters' highway. Here begins the Pothole Promenade in all its glory.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Our first port of call - or 'pot' of call, is the beautiful and ancient shaft of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Kail Pot</span>. It's just down to the right off the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Turbary Road</span>. Jump up and down a few times and you'll soon spot the fence and protruding saplings.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Kail Pot</span> is a contender for 'most beautiful pothole in the dales.' It is a virtual hanging garden of sylvan splendour.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">It doesn't lead down very far - its forming stream has long since found a new route into the limestone, and just a quick glimpse shows how it has been plugged with glacial debris, almost filling it. <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Kail Pot</span> was once clearly much more impressive - but I love it how it is.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">As we continue north on the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Turbary Road</span>, the drab grasslands of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Gragareth</span> progressively give way to the emerald greens that make limestone country so special.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The pavements have had a tough time here, having been reduced almost to nothing by successive glaciations, meltwater and the elements.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Each and every gateway on the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Turbary Road</span> has its own special character. This one marks a well-known wall corner giving access to what I always call the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Swinsto Field</span>.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">As the gate is passed, look out for a lovely area of pavement just off to the right. Walk down onto it and in a few yards you'll see another ancient hole. This is <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Thorney Pot</span>. It is superb as it has a backdrop of the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Braida Garth</span> woodlands and <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Ingleborough </span>to set it off. A picture of it is everything that is good about the Dales.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">As with our previous pot, <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Thorney Pot </span>has long since lost its creating stream and it, too, is blocked with glacial debris. It is better seen in summer when the tree is flourishing.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">By the way - the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Thorney Pot</span> pavements are gorgeous - like gently lapping waves of white limestone.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Thorney Pot</span> boasts being able to include two mountains in her midst. This view is looking north over <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Whernside</span>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Another irresistible view of the pavements in the vicinity of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Thorney Pot</span>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Gragareth</span> itself is rarely celebrated but it's a mountain in itself - and when the Autumn sun catches its slopes, it's a thing of beauty.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Now then! Things get really interesting here. Just off to the left on the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Turbary Road</span>, a major stream is <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Swinsto Beck</span>, and a few yards up it, and off to the right (left as you come downstream) is one of the most famous of all Yorkshire caves, though it is an awkward place to enter!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">This is <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Swinsto Hole</span>. You have to enter it head first and it's well worth a look for the spectacular split passage inside. However, it soon becomes for experts only as it drops down a series of underground shafts which eventually emerge in the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Kingsdale Master Cave</span>. Believe it or not this seemingly obscure place is the most popular way in! The route drops into the Master Cave and the caver must face a very tricky climb into the 'roof tunnel' away from the main water to emerge through the 'dustbin lid' of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Valley Entrance</span>. The trip is known as the '<span style="color: #6aa84f;">Swinsto Pull Through</span>' as the cavers effectively pull all their equipment through with them as they descend each pitch, so they can emerge at <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Valley Entrance</span>, exhausted, and pack away the gear without having to come back up onto the moor for it. Makes sense! I know of many who have been had to be rescued when attempting it.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">A thin layer of soil topping a thin layer of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">alluvium</span> or glacial deposit, nicely exposed at <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Swinsto Beck</span>. Looks like the inside of a Mars bar.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Simpson's Pot</span>, in the next field to the left of the path, has an easier crawl-in entrance but again it soon drops down pitches to unite with the Swinsto water in the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Master Cave</span>. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">A close-up of the innocent looking entrance to <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Simpson's Pot</span>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Inside it's an easy crawl over a floor of limestone before the cave suddenly drops down 5 sporting steps, eventually leading to the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Great Aven</span>, a massive 40 metre high shaft dropping into the final chamber. Most of us just sit back and shudder.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">More pleasant thoughts, as we leave the pot for the experts and see <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Whernside </span>catching the late afternoon sun.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">And now the greatest of all <span style="color: #6aa84f;">West Kingsdale</span> potholes is upon us. Impossible to miss - and as 'in your face' as a pothole can be. <span style="color: #6aa84f;">This is Rowten (or Rowan Tree) Pot </span>- and the first hole we encounter is merely a window into the system (see my post from September 2013) where the water from <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Rowten Caves </span>to the west is making its way into the pot. You can see and hear it thundering below.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Nearby is the awful <span style="color: #6aa84f;">'eye-hole'</span> - four feet wide and 200 feet (at least) in one drop. It offers for cavers a straight descent into the depths - but keep dogs and kids well clear.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">And of course <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Rowten Pot</span> itself is just awe-inspiring. Open, noisy and downright dangerous. It has the thrill factor and just look how close it is to the path by the gate! </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Harry Speight </span>(1892) calls <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Rowten Pot</span> 'The most awful open fissure on this side of the dale. It is a terrible looking hiatus about 30 yards long at the surface - 12 yards at its greatest width, and barely four yards at its narrowest.'</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Rowten Pot's</span> shaft can be entered, as I did in September 2013, by way of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Rowten Caves</span> to the west, which pass beneath the window we saw earlier. Cavers can descend a series of noisy, sporting pitches into the bowels of the earth - but only divers can penetrate through to the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Kingsdale Master Cave</span>. <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Rowten </span>along with <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Marble Steps</span>, is one of the truly great potholes of Britain.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">A lovely view of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Rowten Pot</span> backed by <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Ingleborough</span>, <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Scales Moor</span> and the slopes of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">East Kingsdale.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">If Rowten tops the charts in <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Kingsdale</span>, the candidate for 'most dangerous to go anywhere near' must be <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Jingling Pot</span> - located through the gate and off to the left of the track - its rowan tree giving away a sinister presence. The ground slopes down on one side, with a slippery limestone outcrop on the other - and a sheer drop of 150 feet. Dropping stones into the depths produces a strange 'jingling' sound - but <span style="color: #cc0000;">never</span> drop stones down if there are ropes present as this could seriously harm cavers below.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Jingling Pot</span> doesn't lead into an extensive system and is choked with shingle in its depths, but it provides a superb challenge and is one of the best daylight shafts in Britain.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Notice how a caver here has attached his rope to the overhanging tree. His view back up to daylight must be superb indeed.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">As daylight was fading I decided to leave the attractions of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Bull Pot</span> for another time, and I returned to <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Rowten Pot</span> before descending to the floor of the dale. This lovely view opened up of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">High Pike</span> leading up to <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Whernside</span>. On the bank of the river, to the left, is the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">'Apronful of Stones' </span>- a classic Bronze Age burial mound (see April 2013).</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">And an even better view - over <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Braida Garth</span> (Norse for 'broad field') to <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Scales Moor</span> and the stunning presence of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Ingleborough</span>.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">As we get lower - <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Ingleborough</span> seems to peep over the horizon.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Kingsdale Beck</span> flowing across the bed of the former lake.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Beautiful Autumn colours, with light catching the beck. In flood it can be a ferocious sight - and I have actually witnessed a flood pulse or 'wall of water' running down what was a dry stream channel only minutes before.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">As we return down the Kingsdale road, pleasantly free from traffic, opposite the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Braida Garth </span>turn-off we find the famous <span style="color: #6aa84f;">'Valley Entrance' </span>where the roof tunnel above the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Kingsdale Master Cave</span> emerges into daylight. It's a great place to explore and I'll take you in one day.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Finally we pass the sinister pool of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Keld Head</span>, where all the water emerges: Marble Steps, Swinsto, Simpson's and Rowten all pop out here. Divers often pop in!</span><br />
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<span style="color: #6aa84f; font-size: large;"><i>West Kingsdale is one of the most fascinating parts of Yorkshire. Before long we'll have a wander along the east side, where there are many other surprises. In the meantime, get yourself up on the Pothole Promenade. It doesn't need lights to be fantastic ...</i></span></div>
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<span style="color: #6aa84f; font-size: large;"><i>Stephen x</i></span></div>
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Stephen Oldfieldhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12530850075205687496noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7637858080003886362.post-46704058683481404322014-11-01T04:41:00.000-07:002014-12-11T13:15:56.930-08:00<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-large;">The Waterfalls of Ingleton</span></h2>
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<span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Rock Music for Connoisseurs</span></h3>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">(part two)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The second half of the <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Ingleton Waterfalls</span> trail is, for many, even more impressive than the first. Following the valley of the Doe as it emerges from <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Chapel-le-Dale</span>, the water has carved a fabulous succession of cascades through the ancient rocks exposed by the <span style="color: #3d85c6;">North Craven Fault.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This aerial view shows the narrow valley of the <span style="color: #3d85c6;">River Doe</span> where the stream is hemmed in between walls of <span style="color: #3d85c6;">greywacke </span>and slate. Locals have been aware of the nature of this rock for centuries - though the quarry which exploits it is getting a little too big for comfort. In fact, quarrying operations have caused rock piles to move inside <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Skirwith Cave</span> - a show cave which opened in the 1960s (see my post from April 2013). The cave has long been closed to the public, but can still be explored with care. This picture also shows clearly the massive wedge of limestone trapped between the Craven Faults - forming <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Swilla Glen</span> on the western branch (River Twiss) - and exposed at the old Meal Bank quarry just south of <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Cat Leap Falls</span>.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjre6SDYw7q8r09sQ4wzhfzCJ4cexOaoT_9tY5wgQf6esyk9QOxTv7VjyZ_sNr3fTZ5q4H6I1EbBlm1j8minMLgaNLxFTIEovTsqg0rFTmo6cod9Orm3IMAo3u-PRTvKtdmjzzAewdu7LaB/s1600/IMG_3243.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjre6SDYw7q8r09sQ4wzhfzCJ4cexOaoT_9tY5wgQf6esyk9QOxTv7VjyZ_sNr3fTZ5q4H6I1EbBlm1j8minMLgaNLxFTIEovTsqg0rFTmo6cod9Orm3IMAo3u-PRTvKtdmjzzAewdu7LaB/s1600/IMG_3243.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Above the famous <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Thornton Force</span>, visited in part one, the landscape is dominated by the massive terminal moraine barrier of the <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Raven Ray</span>, seen in the photograph above as a huge 'hump' in the landscape. Some 15, 000 years ago, when the glacier occupying <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Kingsdale </span>began to melt, it dumped this great mass of debris across the valley - blocking the exit for the river escaping beneath the snout of the glacier, and eventually causing a narrow lake to form in the valley above.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGOEltoYGs2ESItN0Oy7H71NT1RhlKw0st3jWb64VkbD_tn1cKJafeaGppN1gJ6HnhgzamjdA6bbGPu6fKCz7-bgHzHOXcU-eNzALNOffsWFfIi7gklkcBIy50JGpBaazCKus4TIuOuBY_/s1600/IMG_3235.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGOEltoYGs2ESItN0Oy7H71NT1RhlKw0st3jWb64VkbD_tn1cKJafeaGppN1gJ6HnhgzamjdA6bbGPu6fKCz7-bgHzHOXcU-eNzALNOffsWFfIi7gklkcBIy50JGpBaazCKus4TIuOuBY_/s1600/IMG_3235.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The clay and rock fragments making up the<span style="color: #6aa84f;"> moraine </span>are clearly seen in this picture.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">It's almost as if a giant dumper truck has let it all go in the not too distant past!</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirq_TxF9p0Tt7-hIMByEzzhxlYCEdIkZSi6qdoycc8HzpCOGK6BuiYifkcPPAOpVWCAhIir_trUbIah4eKyme_GbftL4f4XJYBah4b4NcWKR_yRaZ64OONe5ioh6KGSyg9xoWXOq_i-cL9/s1600/IMG_3242.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirq_TxF9p0Tt7-hIMByEzzhxlYCEdIkZSi6qdoycc8HzpCOGK6BuiYifkcPPAOpVWCAhIir_trUbIah4eKyme_GbftL4f4XJYBah4b4NcWKR_yRaZ64OONe5ioh6KGSyg9xoWXOq_i-cL9/s1600/IMG_3242.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Here, the limestone benches of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Kingsdale</span> can be seen clearly. As the glacier began to melt further, the water deepened and eventually overflowed over the lowest part of the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Raven Ray</span> barrier - with the river taking a new course: it's old one having been covered over and hidden by the moraine barrier (left on the picture above). Eventually the overflow cut down through the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Raven Ray</span>, as can be seen clearly here - and went on to form <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Thornton Force</span>!</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3zGcTnfYKIy7QUdaM1_aHepidupMDy0bqb_J_R7TW7l9DIZO09bcr0oFCOHSje1c6HmeAg0vx-GyWObgV5xq6VoOVOs2he_HB1hGXUo7SgXwoRCyvsiYHF1Lkw4W0s3soP9Ng5fxDOfnU/s1600/i8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3zGcTnfYKIy7QUdaM1_aHepidupMDy0bqb_J_R7TW7l9DIZO09bcr0oFCOHSje1c6HmeAg0vx-GyWObgV5xq6VoOVOs2he_HB1hGXUo7SgXwoRCyvsiYHF1Lkw4W0s3soP9Ng5fxDOfnU/s1600/i8.jpg" height="564" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This aerial view makes things a bit more clear. The old course of the <span style="color: #3d85c6;">River Twiss</span> can be seen in blue, with the new course of the River flowing slightly to the east. A massive rush of meltwater carved the little gorge above <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Thornton Force</span> - so the waterfall we see today is a young feature in geological terms - no more than about 14,000 years old.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3Ndglo1P6Ax8b7ZGEHWE70LDsa-bdx6-dtHGTQzKNkqsdGk35ZPfnV4G8QEixq9Pkl1oDwFjDz8IZ6u6yXq2Et3h8jJYohNDKqHf50BpXk6LkjZZz0Ix0K8X4Tqm3eOkemX3LmzNjAFXC/s1600/IMG_3228.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3Ndglo1P6Ax8b7ZGEHWE70LDsa-bdx6-dtHGTQzKNkqsdGk35ZPfnV4G8QEixq9Pkl1oDwFjDz8IZ6u6yXq2Et3h8jJYohNDKqHf50BpXk6LkjZZz0Ix0K8X4Tqm3eOkemX3LmzNjAFXC/s1600/IMG_3228.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Here is the gorge above <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Thornton Force</span>. Already the <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Twiss</span> is begining to escape into fissures in the limestone as they are widening over time. Water escaping in this way eventually emerges out as a small cascade called <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Little Thornton Force</span>, to the left of the main waterfall.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcliFqPkudSENkouXOdNsVB6g5jK82w1Ecc5BHWavHrHhDmJn8mec-25tIpz8Pucj0Q8SVif69STO55-uaaVGZy3s07-t0g9Ucli1b4qZNT0MOShW37Af4FbAz2TDaAP4VjviAahVrpfIl/s1600/IMG_3238.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcliFqPkudSENkouXOdNsVB6g5jK82w1Ecc5BHWavHrHhDmJn8mec-25tIpz8Pucj0Q8SVif69STO55-uaaVGZy3s07-t0g9Ucli1b4qZNT0MOShW37Af4FbAz2TDaAP4VjviAahVrpfIl/s1600/IMG_3238.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">A view from a precarious position of the <span style="color: #3d85c6;">River Twiss</span> - showing how its has eroded the lip of limestone below the <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Raven Ray</span> to form a gorge before plunging over <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Thornton Force</span> (off the picture to the right).</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The powerful action of the meltwater can be seen in this photograph. The water has cut through the <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Great Scar Limestone</span> and is about to plunge over <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Thornton Force</span>. </span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUk9XM0u0eXMG6bgUF0Z8U7HneyPU-gKxf57wy3BXGJGkDUcW4rv_elj7r3gcYj0FDu2Jb6Vbc0KqECVIZCFgRFQGN7qlzZQUR1yOFEiXVwqwUZshWuL84eGOQrM7FQRG7I7ocMVIs3nX4/s1600/IMG_3230.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUk9XM0u0eXMG6bgUF0Z8U7HneyPU-gKxf57wy3BXGJGkDUcW4rv_elj7r3gcYj0FDu2Jb6Vbc0KqECVIZCFgRFQGN7qlzZQUR1yOFEiXVwqwUZshWuL84eGOQrM7FQRG7I7ocMVIs3nX4/s1600/IMG_3230.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">A series of superb cascades precede the main waterfall. Geologists have prediced that, as more and more water sinks through the limestone river bed, <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Thornton Force</span> will eventually become a dry, abandoned waterfall rather like Malham Cove and Easegill. </span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihne5uYPxGJrXXu_mhLUNC8THyPTw4PMudLh7Wrbf74RjMXJlej6vA2tJpG18NrV-fhQ5qJmImVL2u1xbTneXwDq4A9bNy8AUGO8fOwGzWxKygMSVWFTuSvR59ISbvnDBdbZbCktejgGvv/s1600/IMG_3234.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihne5uYPxGJrXXu_mhLUNC8THyPTw4PMudLh7Wrbf74RjMXJlej6vA2tJpG18NrV-fhQ5qJmImVL2u1xbTneXwDq4A9bNy8AUGO8fOwGzWxKygMSVWFTuSvR59ISbvnDBdbZbCktejgGvv/s1600/IMG_3234.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">At the present time, though - the water plunges 46 feet over the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Great Scar Limestone</span> as it has done since it broke through the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Raven Ray</span> barrier all those thousands of years ago. The fall is actually several yards further north than it would have been originally - and has been cut back over many centuries by erosion. Eventually it will keep cutting back into the gorge, the water falling further and further to the left of the photograph.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The original waterfall was probably in the vicinity of the camera! You can see clearly how it is cutting back and eventually will be inside a narrow gorge which will fully dry up as the limestone cracks in the river bed widen. Only in flood will the waterfall then be active. Mind you - it will be thousands of years before that happens .....</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">It's difficult to leave one of the greatest geological wonders in Britain, but let's follow the track beneath <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Twistleton Scar End</span> and head for the valley of the<span style="color: #6aa84f;"> River Doe </span>- and the 'return leg' of the waterfalls trail.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #3d85c6;">Ingleborough</span> dominates the landscape now - resting on its plinth of <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Great Scar Limestone</span> - with the superb glaciated valley of <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Chapel-le-Dale</span> running from left to right across the photograph. The glacier which formed the valley would have nearly reached the top of the mountain itself. It has scoured away all the covering rocks to leave the pavements bare. This is classic limestone country by any standards.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #3d85c6;">Chapel-le-Dale </span>from the waterfalls trail. The full width of the glaciated valley can be seen, and the 500 feet thick <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Great Scar Limestone</span> resting on the basement rocks along which the <span style="color: #3d85c6;">River Doe</span> is flowing. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">We first enter the enchating valley of the Doe at <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Beezley Falls</span>. Here the <span style="color: #3d85c6;">River Doe</span> wanders over the upturned basement rocks in a series of stunning waterfalls, easily matching those of the River Twiss.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Beezley Triple Spout</span> is one of the highlights of the walk. Here the water rushes over a rib of <span style="color: #3d85c6;">greywacke </span>into a deep plunge pool.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">With the coming of the railway to <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Ingleton</span>, the stunning potential of the falls as a tourist trap was recognised, and paths were cut into the rock allowing the public access to an otherwise inhospitable glen. Notice the vertical ribs of the ancient rocks here.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Every twist and turn brings another delightful view. These are the <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Lower Beezley Falls</span>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Downstream, we approach the cascades of the <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Rival Falls</span>, competing for glory and status.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Rival Falls</span> are an enigma. The two cascades are separated by a plunge pool believed to be 80 feet deep, and known locally as '<span style="color: #3d85c6;">The Black Hole</span>'. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">A lovely monochrome view of the <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Rival Falls</span>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The <span style="color: #6aa84f;">River Doe</span> then pierces through a joint in the greywacke, forming the impressive <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Baxenghyll Gorge</span>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">A small bridge allows the visitor a privileged peep into the depths of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Baxenghyll Gorge</span> - and it is one of the great sights of the Three Peaks: far better, in my view, than the Strid at Bolton Abbey. Certainly more beautiful. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Man has been quick to exploit the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Ingletonian </span>rocks along the valley of the Doe, as this old quarry testifies.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">As the path climbs steeply upwards, we get the first tantalising glimspe of the beautiful <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Snow Falls</span>, hanging like a brilliant white cornice over the dark rock.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Snow Falls</span> are shyly hidden from the main path, and need a zoom to see properly - but they are a stunning sight in any conditions.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Looking downstream below <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Snow Falls</span> - where the river at last begins to calm down as it approaches the limestone below the <span style="color: #3d85c6;">North Craven Fault</span>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Vertical ribs of <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Ingletonian slate,</span> brough to the surface by the <span style="color: #3d85c6;">North Craven Fault</span>, and wrenched into the vertical position by earth movements that must have shook the area to the core - or at least caused one heck of a Tsunami!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The quarries show the vertical beds of these fascinating ancient rocks splendidly.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjo5LnGWhboTZ_4osYvA8G7OyCl3iJhtZqNhcgwKAO1qJR4YACtudgPWi6R1d6A8hcY9LxKxTT0Q6Esmzn_MqgYc2JLkTNtYC5H-R3Bcm5HwdCzNrRgPpm68TOWXAiDNIeoLIRNGvUPff-0/s1600/IMG_3299.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjo5LnGWhboTZ_4osYvA8G7OyCl3iJhtZqNhcgwKAO1qJR4YACtudgPWi6R1d6A8hcY9LxKxTT0Q6Esmzn_MqgYc2JLkTNtYC5H-R3Bcm5HwdCzNrRgPpm68TOWXAiDNIeoLIRNGvUPff-0/s1600/IMG_3299.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The path has been ingeniously engineered into the old quarry face.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihRUYEeq-VkAVIkD8TK1aG5LXHxBAwF4eyLMQeumaQLaRfYELNyDt8ZRLpwJsDpErNj1Uk43RnjEzQVkJKO83X6bV3_oihYG7ZEtZnvUYmbwnxa5g3NGSQ8qLoio_6zDYzAcpLO6kdBD65/s1600/IMG_3300.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihRUYEeq-VkAVIkD8TK1aG5LXHxBAwF4eyLMQeumaQLaRfYELNyDt8ZRLpwJsDpErNj1Uk43RnjEzQVkJKO83X6bV3_oihYG7ZEtZnvUYmbwnxa5g3NGSQ8qLoio_6zDYzAcpLO6kdBD65/s1600/IMG_3300.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">As we cross the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">North Craven Fault</span> we arrive back the same downthrown limestone that we met in <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Swilla Glen</span> in part one of our adventure. Here <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Skirwith Beck</span> crossed the path ....</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Before plunging down the ribbon-like cascades of the <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Cat Leap Falls</span>. These are missed by most visitors, and just need a short diversion down the steep hillside to the right of the path.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Looking back up th evalley of the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">River Doe</span>. The <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Great Scar Limestone</span> plateau of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Scales Moor </span>can be seen at the top right. The rest of that limestone has been eroded away to leave the lifted basement rocks exposed (covered by the trees and occupied by the waterfalls). On the left is the next big 'slab' of limestone, downthrown by the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">North Craven Fault </span>- and which once lay completely level with the skyline at top right. The 'slippage' due to the fault can clearly be seen in this photograph.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The old <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Meal Bank</span> limestone quarry is fascinating to look at. Notice the general curve of the limestone, on the same anticline that we saw in <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Swilla Glen</span>. There are also very thin seams of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">coal </span>in the limestone where sea conditions became boggy and swampy allowing vegetation to flourish for a time - way back in the Carboniferous Period.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The dip of the limestone beds in the quarry. Very thin coal and shale layers are present in the rock.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>And finally - all drama disappears. We cross the South Craven Fault back into Ingleton and the limestone is now hundreds of feet below - the Ingleton Coal Field lying to the south of the area. The Ingleton Waterfalls walk has to be one of the geological wonders of Europe. For sheer beauty, too - it is up there with the very best. Go and enjoy every step.</i></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Stephen x</span></div>
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Stephen Oldfieldhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12530850075205687496noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7637858080003886362.post-83338948358730371112014-10-27T10:06:00.002-07:002014-11-15T04:41:47.480-08:00<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-large;">The Waterfalls of Ingleton</span></h2>
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #6aa84f; font-size: large;">Rock Music for Connoisseurs</span></h3>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">(part one)</span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The great writers and travellers of the past were in no doubt: 'I know of no place in this kingdom where mountain, forest and water are more sublimely or effectively combined than in the two glens formed by the streams of the Twiss or Doe, and Greta,' wrote <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Harry Speight </span>in 1892 - emphasising the confusing names given to the two creative bodies of water. Thousands today will agree. Despite the 'commercial' pull - the tea huts and the cafes - the 'pay on entry' status that niggles with some people - this is one of the very best adventures anywhere in the UK - don't let anyone fool you into thinking otherwise. Here, not only is there beauty and savagery in equal measure - but the story of the Dales rocks is laid out for all to see. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Let's just get some understanding of why things are so exciting before we begin. All that <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Great Scar Limetone</span>, overlaying the buckled beds of the basement rocks, used to lie in one continuous slab: effectively it would have continued in a south westerly direction across the photograph - but those two blue lines are the reason why not. They are roughly the position of the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Craven Faults</span>, two gigantic fractures through the rock that began moving in Carboniferous times. In the middle section (in pink) the limestone south of the fault line was 'downthrown' hundreds of feet from its original position to create, in effect, a huge 'step' in the landscape, ideal for a stream or glacier to play havoc with. Got it so far? Next look at the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">South Craven Fault</span> which runs through <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Ingleton</span> itself. The limestone to the south of this was downthrown again - and now it lies hidden beneath the surface and is covered by a layer of coal. Amazing to think then - that the hidden limestone buried underground at the bottom left of the photo once lay level with that you can see at the top right!! Nothing more dramatic than geology ....</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">That's why we get this amazing adventure playground for the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Doe</span> and the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Twiss</span>. Thanks to the unique landscape created by the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Craven Faults</span> - they have carved out a magnificent series of glens and waterfalls - and that's what we're going to explore today. Hopefully - then, it will be more than just a walk - but an experience. Notice, for example, how <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Swilla Glen</span> has been carved through the 'downthrown' block of limestone that lies between the two faults? Notice how <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Thornton Force</span> and <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Pecca Falls</span> have been carved into the 'uplifted' basement rocks above the North Craven Fault? It all starts to make sense once you get your head around the faults and the rocks on show .... so let's go and see for ourselves ...</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Once you've paid your entrance fee, you are, effectively, standing on a layer of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">alluvium</span> (river debris) which overlies the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Ingleton coalfield</span>. Where is the limestone? Well - remember, it is buried beneath your feet and has slipped down along the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">South Craven Fault</span>, which is passed unnoticed as we move along the bank of the Twiss from the car park. Look at the gently flowing <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Twiss</span> here and feel sorry for it. Much of the water has not only tumbled down some of the most aggressive falls in England, but its also been through some of the most dramatic caves - way up on the limestones above the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">North Craven Fault</span> in <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Kingsdale</span>. Let's go and follow its adventures!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> As soon as we cross the <span style="color: #3d85c6;">South Craven Fault</span> we enter the dramatic and beautiful ravine of <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Swilla Glen</span>. Here. the massive block of limestone has been trapped between the two faults and is effectively a 'sitting duck' for a youthful river to play with. The limestone can be seen on the right - whereas behind me it is hundreds of feet underground - let's not forget that. </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjX42O6gzxQmO75ooriU1R-qmC1xnOhKB_Ou12nj5VDakOvt0_77PO647R3T5_STR4tFRwVSlvOpnpi-Ejln9Yr1mSP3-u-X0h5dtlCmTGmjGh_AkZfsSmzrJOaIY1WNRiYaLZpnina9wWZ/s1600/IMG_3072.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjX42O6gzxQmO75ooriU1R-qmC1xnOhKB_Ou12nj5VDakOvt0_77PO647R3T5_STR4tFRwVSlvOpnpi-Ejln9Yr1mSP3-u-X0h5dtlCmTGmjGh_AkZfsSmzrJOaIY1WNRiYaLZpnina9wWZ/s1600/IMG_3072.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">I've read reviews on Trip Advisor where the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Ingleton Waterfalls</span> are described as a 'rip off.' Are you kidding? If you'd rather spend your brass on a McDonald's Drive Thru then go ahead. Look at <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Swilla Glen</span> here - near a place once known to early travellers as 'Creeping Steads' as they had to struggle beneath low foliage to enter. It's truly stunning - and you can see on the right how the limestone is clearly dipping along the limb of what we call an '<span style="color: #6aa84f;">anticline</span>'. Basically, the basement rocks far below are folded like a massive piece of corrugated iron, and here the limestone is following the trend. It formed then, on a very undulating sea bed!</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmoQ0U_DIJFXe3SNtWo3y9UQBReYSv8qrsTF3_3sMcqtDyiXYXCKq0P7e13RtsbQuEkP4wL49mLPbjoucHSmm98y-NSWUqm092oSSx4RqITEEblHKqzfHnrfVHJDgTL_AqCYH2AD0hsLH5/s1600/IMG_3074.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmoQ0U_DIJFXe3SNtWo3y9UQBReYSv8qrsTF3_3sMcqtDyiXYXCKq0P7e13RtsbQuEkP4wL49mLPbjoucHSmm98y-NSWUqm092oSSx4RqITEEblHKqzfHnrfVHJDgTL_AqCYH2AD0hsLH5/s1600/IMG_3074.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Looking across the Twiss in <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Swilla Glen</span>. On the right, the dipping beds of <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Great Scar Limestone </span>can be seen well. Ancient Yews add a beauty to the scene - as if it was needed ..</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Great Scar Limestone</span> was formed some 340 million years ago: millions of shelly creature remains pressed together in a shallow tropical sea when 'England' lay near the equator.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoAM2RRrq6DXf09N4rL0ELDangost9r2R_sVtmpoJMlYZlk_WRziGzAc7EUWGFDm4O1A0O1pzOXZiVbq0U6A_eqjn8Wk1lGKhw7dln7-JFbPrLNxD7eh5yv2mBcAskK2qiuluKyG790Brg/s1600/IMG_3076.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoAM2RRrq6DXf09N4rL0ELDangost9r2R_sVtmpoJMlYZlk_WRziGzAc7EUWGFDm4O1A0O1pzOXZiVbq0U6A_eqjn8Wk1lGKhw7dln7-JFbPrLNxD7eh5yv2mBcAskK2qiuluKyG790Brg/s1600/IMG_3076.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Here it can be seen in close up, following the general anticline of the rock strata.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">A wonderful view of the dipping limestone. In <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Swilla Glen</span> the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Twiss </span>says goodbye to the limestone before emerging onto the gentler plains of the Ingleton coalfield south of the village.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Looking into the upper reaches of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Swilla Glen</span>, the limestone towers hundreds of feet high and the view is one the best in England. The paths are carefully engineered to hug the left hand cliff, first being opened to the public in April 1895. </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdr8qxy0-gj8ziT1sUZ5fodl80E2lPo-KpSAXMtSUpow7TD8ILliSLLhhri_KuSYCmkGPBZsQo7ZgCPkQbypbNFdJDs46wT7wPAo3_mdNME0-ZRu1OK1kKVZ4hxJR_EXLc_Oa8gl0bRpLm/s1600/IMG_3086.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdr8qxy0-gj8ziT1sUZ5fodl80E2lPo-KpSAXMtSUpow7TD8ILliSLLhhri_KuSYCmkGPBZsQo7ZgCPkQbypbNFdJDs46wT7wPAo3_mdNME0-ZRu1OK1kKVZ4hxJR_EXLc_Oa8gl0bRpLm/s1600/IMG_3086.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Even the works of man have a delightful nature that does not seem out of place in this woodland setting.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Between wide walls of limestone, the<span style="color: #3d85c6;"> Twiss</span> is clothed in luxuriant vegetation. Many years ago the rare Lady's Slipper Orchid was found here.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9A-J7ouzwGtGI7889GxZ6nF3QQeQJaZ300spUITy6syi64A63E8MmEAJcBGPfl9KGr9eqLUVG5UAWltdRFgShyBhl9Jg4R7g8CoA1KC_zU9u1VF46gJJ2XWg9stS9VcuwfWqJ0OoO9aYT/s1600/IMG_3092.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9A-J7ouzwGtGI7889GxZ6nF3QQeQJaZ300spUITy6syi64A63E8MmEAJcBGPfl9KGr9eqLUVG5UAWltdRFgShyBhl9Jg4R7g8CoA1KC_zU9u1VF46gJJ2XWg9stS9VcuwfWqJ0OoO9aYT/s1600/IMG_3092.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Great Scar Limestone</span> in the upper reaches of <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Swilla Glen</span>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; text-align: left;">A bridge then spans the<span style="color: #6aa84f;"> Twiss</span>, taking us to the opposite bank as we approach the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">North Craven Fault.</span></span></div>
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<span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The impressive view upstream from the bridge, the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Twiss</span> still working its way down through the massive slab of limestone lying between the two faults.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Things then get really interesting on the opposite bank. The cave is a failed attempt to find a vein of lead, but look carefully and you will see two distinct rock types. On the left, the 'downthrown' <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Great Scar Limestone</span> through which <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Swilla Glen</span> has been cut - and to the right of the obvious crack, a banding of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Ordovician 'mudstone' </span>or shale, much older than the limestone and which is here lying on a branch fault next to the main <span style="color: #6aa84f;">North Craven Fault</span> itself, hidden in the trees to the right of the picture. From now on, the basement rocks have been lifted to the surface - the limestone that once lay above them having been eroded away: perfect conditions for some really dramatic waterfalls to tumble down!</span></div>
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<span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">A close-up of the perfect example of faulting: <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Great Scar Limestone</span> to the left, 340 million years old - <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Ordovician mudstone</span> or shale to the right - 100 million years older!!! Get your head round that one! The mudstone was laid down when a swamp began to form over the basement rocks beneath it - prior to the shallow sea conditions which eventually formed the limestone. </span></span></div>
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<span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Looking upstream beyond the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">North Craven Fault</span> - the line of which can be traced in the trees on the left after a few minutes of careful scrambling.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">As we emerge from the tree canopy for the first time - the limestone we see now is on the upper reaches of the slopes far above us on the left. This is the limestone that was uplifted above the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">North Craven Fault</span> and most of it has been stripped away by water and ice. Only these upper flanks remain. It is the famous basement rocks, or <span style="color: #6aa84f;">'Ingletonian' </span>series, that concern us from now on. Rarely do we get a chance to see this ancient basement - formed before there was life on earth - but here we can't miss it!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Our first glimpse of these legendary <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Ingletonian rocks</span>. Debate has raged for decades about actually how old they are. They consist of mudstones, sandstones, coarser sandstones known as '<span style="color: #3d85c6;">greywackes</span>' and siltstones - all of which are loosely termed 'slate' as it is believed that they were effectively cooked by a layer of molten granite deep beneath what is now the Dales some 500 million years ago. Currently believed to be Ordovician - the lack of fossils has meant that some geologists reckon them to be even older - Precambrian - and that is really knocking on a bit. What fascinates is their greenish cast - their amazing toughness - and the way in which they have been wrenched by earth movements into a crumpled, vertical position - and it's all so obvious as we take a peek!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In fact, these ancient rocks make up the very path we're walking on - and even the most casual walker must notice the immediate difference. </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMbKSBnCK-Ds_LTJQI75KZioBMbDiGfN1ialuRRdOncigqlyXAWgabpOEfi9qoGle1-PHTObLviOC-qBqJEWTmR2hF8ERrpDP5Y7VJ1s-3EzVekTob62AFxi3GXaj-Rx5M16ogbwGBa52l/s1600/IMG_3140.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMbKSBnCK-Ds_LTJQI75KZioBMbDiGfN1ialuRRdOncigqlyXAWgabpOEfi9qoGle1-PHTObLviOC-qBqJEWTmR2hF8ERrpDP5Y7VJ1s-3EzVekTob62AFxi3GXaj-Rx5M16ogbwGBa52l/s1600/IMG_3140.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The buckled, vertical ribs of these ancient rocks have been eroded to produce the magnificent <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Pecca Falls</span> - first on the list of the Ingleton Waterfalls route as we walk it in a clockwise direction. The more resistant greywacke bands form the steps, with the mudstones being worn away to form the plunge pools. </span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrgf1e4grlO0beEqIJxHLWCYiLRK0H9HgLsIoa3dioKixkePzlr0Vgjvs4QEVTe6oCN_Ixmo3yAhyphenhyphenufa0VBxp0rAweul0NK_XP4sBIjXh9BrZS8fExmgEW3YiJ93ZuRLaBW-x1VkD-8RCW/s1600/IMG_3118.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrgf1e4grlO0beEqIJxHLWCYiLRK0H9HgLsIoa3dioKixkePzlr0Vgjvs4QEVTe6oCN_Ixmo3yAhyphenhyphenufa0VBxp0rAweul0NK_XP4sBIjXh9BrZS8fExmgEW3YiJ93ZuRLaBW-x1VkD-8RCW/s1600/IMG_3118.JPG" height="640" width="480" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">To the left of the falls, the vertical beds of the <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Ingletonian rocks</span> are startling to see - here in this old quarry. Considering that these beds once lay in a horizontal position - you can see just how massive the earth movements were to cause this vertical buckling - to effectively stand these beds on their end!</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOBey5DIre-76YYzQ7n41h-H7LYISQwoom_6l0e1yFAVvO53jeNZh5INa-KKEMoBgUR8GIQAxxtJBfP322U4W6UV9z4EBh1I5q_RBuZuW38XEzh0c0BjkunBIeu3z0wEZSue207_PJTc_y/s1600/IMG_3120.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOBey5DIre-76YYzQ7n41h-H7LYISQwoom_6l0e1yFAVvO53jeNZh5INa-KKEMoBgUR8GIQAxxtJBfP322U4W6UV9z4EBh1I5q_RBuZuW38XEzh0c0BjkunBIeu3z0wEZSue207_PJTc_y/s1600/IMG_3120.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhueYMrFU8O_AScq-pDxfUI9bgZ22fYA_JMExC-itTFLD6AygJWjvrmEQPZlTET7JQeyWygSQ7gitxvPNmCl-HzMl4z67xAb-q1IFxrpqqi-0rWYepOMntGRfwRLFkXYUwKwE0mjzD3f2S9/s1600/IMG_3121.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhueYMrFU8O_AScq-pDxfUI9bgZ22fYA_JMExC-itTFLD6AygJWjvrmEQPZlTET7JQeyWygSQ7gitxvPNmCl-HzMl4z67xAb-q1IFxrpqqi-0rWYepOMntGRfwRLFkXYUwKwE0mjzD3f2S9/s1600/IMG_3121.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Get up close with the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Ingletonian</span>!! Trips off the tongue, now - doesn't it?</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBspj5gsWgRKv1L5ENa1KFr2iTqQED-j1pgdfO7dVHfBqAd8mjyU3rEXH1OLH-KbOgLSb7uYm-uHEEJt-OwUHv8M6K6RPnX9ju8ioP994x8xXfWo95dlUO_L7nM8PHwwjCroNOqn57qPtR/s1600/IMG_3122.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBspj5gsWgRKv1L5ENa1KFr2iTqQED-j1pgdfO7dVHfBqAd8mjyU3rEXH1OLH-KbOgLSb7uYm-uHEEJt-OwUHv8M6K6RPnX9ju8ioP994x8xXfWo95dlUO_L7nM8PHwwjCroNOqn57qPtR/s1600/IMG_3122.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Mind you - you can be forgiven for ignoring an old quarry when you have the <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Pecca Falls</span> on your doorstep - and they don't do things by halves in Ingleton. These are just the lower falls ....</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEia4I0g-4nWcZ2Q-phNIPUSLbIYO8dFwwJ_kzativ-GzYvgWbnMamr0lMgrJ0-CobYbLateZjC_qLBRuv66QU0_AvpGZxgsWrYhqNu9DkohXV6aHq6tWFAvAnPaQ9f6xsO15KpTKqrKjGGE/s1600/IMG_3146.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEia4I0g-4nWcZ2Q-phNIPUSLbIYO8dFwwJ_kzativ-GzYvgWbnMamr0lMgrJ0-CobYbLateZjC_qLBRuv66QU0_AvpGZxgsWrYhqNu9DkohXV6aHq6tWFAvAnPaQ9f6xsO15KpTKqrKjGGE/s1600/IMG_3146.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This little beauty is the middle one ...</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhilyG6Wai-mJDi4e26986Ha4GK7JRAFTtPORWSj63dFs4FTDiiE9Rsj7-dNQQu8OgV88R2Ex0BI0Vkeq4kRT6omK7RCQge4gYXxedkHK5enXqBMfXWbyVuzCeQhTKTCvLRMdByblQi9KBC/s1600/IMG_3154.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhilyG6Wai-mJDi4e26986Ha4GK7JRAFTtPORWSj63dFs4FTDiiE9Rsj7-dNQQu8OgV88R2Ex0BI0Vkeq4kRT6omK7RCQge4gYXxedkHK5enXqBMfXWbyVuzCeQhTKTCvLRMdByblQi9KBC/s1600/IMG_3154.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">And it looks stunning from just about any angle ...</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMM9eRA4TsJlYzRL2QvQGmkHKGt_90Y8oO9nAkTIb9yLBR8adQdKIbuaxM9nDElxkrT6uDgit5aNWUNM2MzyFWziVQ_KaLTmH7dAx2-nhZcfgyVZq2XEnEpfV7A_rE7Jf1JF51OKrro8T1/s1600/IMG_3157.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMM9eRA4TsJlYzRL2QvQGmkHKGt_90Y8oO9nAkTIb9yLBR8adQdKIbuaxM9nDElxkrT6uDgit5aNWUNM2MzyFWziVQ_KaLTmH7dAx2-nhZcfgyVZq2XEnEpfV7A_rE7Jf1JF51OKrro8T1/s1600/IMG_3157.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">And as for the upper falls - the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Pecca Twins</span> - well ... they're just gorgeous aren't they?</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdklgBBut9hxjD9PsvieRDvyBjtIJfZQt0SAsWn8BHuTnXWHGJ0hyphenhyphenjOWfxgSPLBFnchgnuJg6PZMmKBKY4wfc4SWafC1vDpeY9zF9h3l2krCYMuA200LtI2lYACk_YPdqxb_63XpomJIN7/s1600/IMG_3163.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdklgBBut9hxjD9PsvieRDvyBjtIJfZQt0SAsWn8BHuTnXWHGJ0hyphenhyphenjOWfxgSPLBFnchgnuJg6PZMmKBKY4wfc4SWafC1vDpeY9zF9h3l2krCYMuA200LtI2lYACk_YPdqxb_63XpomJIN7/s1600/IMG_3163.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Equally so in black and white - which gives that 1895 'opening day' feel.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghIaUMKdft0z7zZq6h4wmkZZ2yNubjoa7oP5uWIXlXKvIT0MEE2QecKqzU87ovyZD438S4cYn8o-613V7cuShtaL6AJj5zbg8drhyMpvEWJPPF0icssmg-Vux-4Y5umsQ1_EHpzzwPljUP/s1600/IMG_3165.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghIaUMKdft0z7zZq6h4wmkZZ2yNubjoa7oP5uWIXlXKvIT0MEE2QecKqzU87ovyZD438S4cYn8o-613V7cuShtaL6AJj5zbg8drhyMpvEWJPPF0icssmg-Vux-4Y5umsQ1_EHpzzwPljUP/s1600/IMG_3165.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">You can have a field day here with a camera - I just can't get away - yet you see some just rush past ... phone comes out for a second as they walk - quick 'click' and off ...</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfA6ZT4D9k0whyphenhypheniR-nS6kN-zajWjQ7_3WhEHAe5-KWvGAc0EBOdFwHw-uc1xZZGB2gb4yZl_Lp6WlriQVZJs1rML0tpt1pMG3Q8KNk1cv0gKsBq0KxPIMnIDukpss_UqemlACLp9fdRaUi/s1600/IMG_3172.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfA6ZT4D9k0whyphenhypheniR-nS6kN-zajWjQ7_3WhEHAe5-KWvGAc0EBOdFwHw-uc1xZZGB2gb4yZl_Lp6WlriQVZJs1rML0tpt1pMG3Q8KNk1cv0gKsBq0KxPIMnIDukpss_UqemlACLp9fdRaUi/s1600/IMG_3172.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Above - and not to be outdone - lies the roar of <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Hollybush Spout</span>. I can <i>never</i> get a good picture of this one. It's a little beggar for the camera - but just look at those beautiful, vertically bedded greywackes: lovely!</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLVvajTD6A7qL9maQOTAZ6iAEtPgd5Yr-Dh24pzTogdEhJ5Z1Ivm52CO4JC7dXcYY15gAnbFyM_gdgYbei5yTpa-UvIrz9f29kHAfDB8afzC5q_g8u_01VNcWSaF8REHpvPTklidHxzyL3/s1600/IMG_3179.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLVvajTD6A7qL9maQOTAZ6iAEtPgd5Yr-Dh24pzTogdEhJ5Z1Ivm52CO4JC7dXcYY15gAnbFyM_gdgYbei5yTpa-UvIrz9f29kHAfDB8afzC5q_g8u_01VNcWSaF8REHpvPTklidHxzyL3/s1600/IMG_3179.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Attempt number 3145 ...(ahem)</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTSur0gTFHHmQWjZf-FE25GWVdCyHi6jpfxlNexlBBDIHpcVEansQXg66g_s6WGydU4gewsQBxVnNfK_BhJXaJGtz7ta6AvDNrnqG2WzcRaeDOrhGkchlVb7k2Odt6tzvB9gFsCwLwRnwj/s1600/IMG_3183.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTSur0gTFHHmQWjZf-FE25GWVdCyHi6jpfxlNexlBBDIHpcVEansQXg66g_s6WGydU4gewsQBxVnNfK_BhJXaJGtz7ta6AvDNrnqG2WzcRaeDOrhGkchlVb7k2Odt6tzvB9gFsCwLwRnwj/s1600/IMG_3183.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">You're all getting excited now aren't you 'cos you think we're going to <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Thornton Force</span>? Well hold sweat, folks. We're not ...... yet :) Let's just keep you waiting and be annoying! Here's evidence for all to see that the Ordovician rocks have been vertically buckled and lifted to the surface - right by the path. Oh, and by the way - I've just stopped for a brew at the <span style="color: #3d85c6;">tea hut</span> - and believe me the brew on the waterfalls walk is <i>AWESOME. </i>It steams down your throat as well as any force hits its plunge pool - and the home made fruit cake has geological layers of cherries, dates and nuts to rave about for hours .... !! Right, I'll shut up now ... let's go ..</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">By the way ... notice the band of limestone left at the top of the pic ? All the rest has been eroded away ... </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Oh ... and a brew - if you're south of Watford Gap - is a cup of tea. </span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVd-w3sjNV3yQElrKsDODtpAiRpCz-v9hw8DozNvOrUwp1QWk0mr6ceOG6sV7_xq163_b-0ZbIzuUSJEAFXNm1vhgc7lrA7lsbkgrq25v8iVGX_BhfB5RHsRBjbPhmCZYsonDsjFQ5MCY0/s1600/IMG_3184.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVd-w3sjNV3yQElrKsDODtpAiRpCz-v9hw8DozNvOrUwp1QWk0mr6ceOG6sV7_xq163_b-0ZbIzuUSJEAFXNm1vhgc7lrA7lsbkgrq25v8iVGX_BhfB5RHsRBjbPhmCZYsonDsjFQ5MCY0/s1600/IMG_3184.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">There's even an island in the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">River Twiss</span> formed by a resistant band of the vertically bedded <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Ingletonian rocks</span>. Is it still tripping off the tongue? My kids used to love playing on this. It's known locally as <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Cuckoo Island </span>- and would have been a great setting for an Arthur Ransome novel.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Another view of the island, from the path - just to be even more annoying.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Oooh - what's that peeping over the tree tops? And humans? Come on - he doesn't usally do humans on his blog posts??? Surely not!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This is the one they all come to see - (me included). It's the one on all the postcards and the book covers - and I can't believe I've left it off my blog until now. Perhaps it's because I don't like being conventional. I like to go for the less obvious and not follow every Tom, Dick and Harry - (or pretend not to) but hey - I adore this place - and who couldn't? <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Thornton Force</span> lets its surroundings speak ... it needs no description.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The geology of the place is legendary even by European standards. See the water there, plunging over a lip of <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Great Scar Limestone</span>? Well, the rest of that limestone has been eroded away (towards the camera) and the 'lip' actually sits on the 'buckled' basement layer of <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Ingletonian</span> 'slates' - actually vertically bedded sandstones of <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Ordovician</span> Age. So when you're mad enough to clamber behind (as I always d0) you're able to walk on one rock - and touch the other. You can let your hand span an imense period of geological time in just a second - and that is mesmerising stuff.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Once you set off behind, taking great care - the vertically placed 'slate' is obviously overshadowed by the huge lip of limestone - with a thin 'conglomerate' between - of pebbly fragments cemented together by muddy limestones - rather like the jam in a Victoria sandwich.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhq8NdVh21gLQrLeqWGhrjMpd5Qap9BFqZEHwXFnXy5_LrJjnIyqMdhvG9Pan-r7Uc77vc-ObkLxB3Yzy7uZZ9cPgpFFGUrHSXb9geBrwh63NZ92pNI-hRth7CoFBCBd4YZ-YGPUjqEzhuY/s1600/IMG_3212.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhq8NdVh21gLQrLeqWGhrjMpd5Qap9BFqZEHwXFnXy5_LrJjnIyqMdhvG9Pan-r7Uc77vc-ObkLxB3Yzy7uZZ9cPgpFFGUrHSXb9geBrwh63NZ92pNI-hRth7CoFBCBd4YZ-YGPUjqEzhuY/s1600/IMG_3212.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The pebbly <span style="color: #3d85c6;">conglomerate</span> is sandwiched between the vertical 'slates' and the limestone above. It once formed an ancient beach before tropical sea levels rose and the conditions became suitable for limestone beds to be laid down. Incredible to think. This resting of the horizontal bed on a vertical bed beneath is a famous example of a geological '<span style="color: #3d85c6;">unconformity</span>.' Certainly nothing seems to conform in Ingleton. The author of this blog is a fine example but don't tell anybody.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRyHvP4W6Y66yyPufVkA9JEiGKTAErpRdUwtMPQgmkR6NHnStBz4zvuwJE_fKgUFpe0Nk6B3yt0JafmBJ5WQwAt3b-mE4oUI_RsY2GukYd81XZ19TJAMVtn6Vcxy8r-2CrFplHE9ogG2xt/s1600/IMG_3211.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRyHvP4W6Y66yyPufVkA9JEiGKTAErpRdUwtMPQgmkR6NHnStBz4zvuwJE_fKgUFpe0Nk6B3yt0JafmBJ5WQwAt3b-mE4oUI_RsY2GukYd81XZ19TJAMVtn6Vcxy8r-2CrFplHE9ogG2xt/s1600/IMG_3211.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The 'hand-span of time.' Only 170 million years between my thumb and fingers. !!! Wonder how long we'd have to multiply a human life time to match that one?? Dwell on it - and wonder at the insignificance of your own existence.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The classic view back along the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">unconformity</span> with the limestone above and 'slates' below - and the smaller fall of '<span style="color: #6aa84f;">Little Thornton Force</span>' showing itself well after a period of heavy rain.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidbMF0eycMoHJXte3SuSuRnKZN2Gog_95OkXCSdFYfUcqXrW0LUJdiIHl6Y4zJSlNIkdIhkkFP9UXArihEVda37sULYgQB1pwuv467kyW3Ah2OQscrYlpuG-CqslHUwJHQnwRkWlzieVKC/s1600/IMG_3219.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidbMF0eycMoHJXte3SuSuRnKZN2Gog_95OkXCSdFYfUcqXrW0LUJdiIHl6Y4zJSlNIkdIhkkFP9UXArihEVda37sULYgQB1pwuv467kyW3Ah2OQscrYlpuG-CqslHUwJHQnwRkWlzieVKC/s1600/IMG_3219.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Once you are behind the real thing - still keeping remarkably dry - all human achievement and design suddenly doesn't quite do it.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbCJ2xtxmaQoeR3AQPDO68cjbzpXn8RoCnnDPArpSM1VEr91QVm1urn3QoI-5TGBAvJtek_i8zKxwRQF1dhxcVPEE5sp97hFxuLNjoAIQpb9QAA2dsWY9gmMNInsSXYujn-R7ak88aAwGA/s1600/IMG_3215.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbCJ2xtxmaQoeR3AQPDO68cjbzpXn8RoCnnDPArpSM1VEr91QVm1urn3QoI-5TGBAvJtek_i8zKxwRQF1dhxcVPEE5sp97hFxuLNjoAIQpb9QAA2dsWY9gmMNInsSXYujn-R7ak88aAwGA/s1600/IMG_3215.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In fact, you can shut off the outside world completely. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">A great view of the the limestone - resting as it has for at least 340 million years on the ancient vertical beds below - a place to return to again and again. You can't come to Thornton Force without going behind the waterfall .... </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><i><span style="color: #6aa84f;">And you can't come to </span><span style="color: #3d85c6;">Thornton Force</span><span style="color: #6aa84f;"> without getting the butties out!!! So ... you've survived the geology lesson ... you've braved the waterfall ...... join me next time for </span><span style="color: #3d85c6;">part two </span><span style="color: #6aa84f;">of our waterfall adventure. We'll wander this time down the narrow valley of the Doe - where there are even more geological wonders and surprises. Oh, and don't tell me you've never had a go at balancing on that rock ...... you know which one I mean .... you want to now, don't you?</span></i></span><br />
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>Stephen x</i></span></div>
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Stephen Oldfieldhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12530850075205687496noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7637858080003886362.post-81347773336708282342014-07-27T05:16:00.006-07:002020-07-10T04:19:56.373-07:00<h2 style="text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;">Some places in the dales are pretty, others memorable for their history or geological interest - while a select few are just downright spectacular; fit to rank with anything of their category on a national or European scale. This is one of them: the unforgettable and daunting <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Sleets Gill Cave </span>- a name that sends a shiver down the spine of even the most experienced cavers and explorers. Here, on the flanks of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Littondale</span> - a steep slope of scree drops 52 metres at an acute angle until a narrow squeeze, just enough to allow a body to pass through, leads the caver through to the awe-inspiring sight of the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Main Gallery</span>. This is a huge natural tunnel formed entirely under water - and though largely dry these days - it is still prone to sudden and catastrophic flooding - to the roof and beyond! Today - having had a perfect week of dry weather - was the ideal time to visit .... </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;">We dropped into <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Littondale </span>by taking my favourite road over the moors from Settle - a chance to see the impressive limestone canyon of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Yew Cogar Scar</span> - one of the biggest masses of limestone in Britain.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;">The <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Yew Cogar </span>has to be seen to be believed - its terracing jutting into <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Littondale</span> like the prow of a gigantic liner. It is one of the great sights of Yorkshire.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;">A glance up the glaciated valley of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Littondale</span> - one of the most beautiful of the dales.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;">Daughter Emily and friend Jed have done a few caves before ... but nothing quite like this one.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Sleets Gill</span> is a low arch leading to a bizarre slope giving one the impression of descending a giant rabbit burrow. This entrance once lay near the floor of the valley - but it has been left high and normally dry as glaciers have since lowered the valley floor. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif; font-size: x-small;">(<span style="color: #6aa84f;">Picture source: UK Caving</span>)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;">Sometimes, however - the entrance looks like this! It's a different ball game altogether and enough to put most people off venturing even a few feet inside ....</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;">The infamy that surrounds <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Sleets Gill Cave</span> is well deserved. The passages below are sufficiently deep underground to lie very close to the water table - and it can take rainwater weeks to seep down through the surrounding limestone. Without warning - even on dry days and up to a week after rain ... the cave can suddenly <span style="color: #6aa84f;">flood to the roof</span>. So bad is the flooding that water is forced out of this entrance and gushes down the normally dry limestone gill towards the valley below. Worse .... the first part of the cave to flood is the bottom of the entrance slope ... so anyone beyond it would be trapped in the passages beyond. This most famously happened to two cavers in 1992, when they had to be rescued and dived out by the cave rescue team (see my April post on <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Dowkabottom Cave</span> for more details).</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;">Even for those who intend to go no further - a trip to the bottom of the entrance slope is a fantastic experience. There is no other cave entrance like this in Britain. Lying on your stomach - in clothes that don't matter - there is this fantastic view back up the steep 52 metre slope to daylight. <span style="color: #6aa84f;"> Sleets Gill</span> is just awesome.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;">As we reached the constricted section at the bottom - I jammed by feet into the crack and managed to get this shot looking back up to the entrance. It is an unworldly feeling ....</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;">Most people would look at the crawl at the foot of the slope - shudder and retreat! However, if you spend a good 20 minutes kicking cobbles away and widening the crack ... you just lie on the scree and almost sledge on your back under the rock .. wondering where the hell its going to all end! Coming up - as you will see later ... is amusing indeed!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;">Meanwhile - as you await your turn to descend into the bowels of the earth ... have a look round at the fine calcite walls. Why not?</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;">Once through the low section there's a chance to sit up in a small chamber. Jed is taking a breather - with Emily emerging through the crawl just behind him.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;">Then there's yet another low crawl under the rock. Knowing the amazing sights that lie ahead, and having come this far - it would be daft to turn back!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;">Standing up at last! My word - a luxury ...</span>.</div>
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<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;">A series of low archways present themselves as we head in anticipation towards the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Main Gallery.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;">Just under here - and then we're in. There are huge mud banks everywhere that have been built up by flooding and they are very slippery underfoot. You have to take care here.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;">The first sight of the Main Gallery is a humbling experience for a mere human. Your ears feel a strange kind of pressure and there is this feeling of being really deep underground. The world outside seems a mere dream.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;">The scale of the place is enormous - and as you keep heading forwards it just gets more and more impressive.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;">Emily negotiating the mud banks in the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Main Gallery</span>. The floor is often of calcite and gour pools - so '<span style="color: #e69138;">Golden Gallery</span>' would aptly describe its beauty.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;">Stalactites are few as the cave still floods to the roof with regularity - but there are some fine <span style="color: #6aa84f;">flowstone</span> formations along the walls of the gallery.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;">The floor of the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Main Gallery</span> often consists of attractive calcite sculpture - as can be seen here.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;">Jed posing in the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Main Gallery</span>, with a calcite pillow and the passage big enough to drive a train through.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;">Attractive pillow - though I wouldn't like to fall asleep down here.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;">The best known feature in the cave is this fabulous flowstone column in the far reaches of the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Main Gallery</span>. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;">At the far end of the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Main Gallery</span> - a drop leads down to the notorious <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Hydrophobia Passage</span> - a low tunnel containing a fast flowing stream where the caver literally has his face in the water. Beyond that is a massive underground <span style="color: #6aa84f;">ramp</span> even larger than the entrance slope - but these require full caving gear and nerves of steel. After a couple of hours underground - we sensibly turned back - knowing the challenge of getting back up the entrance slope was enough to think about!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;">Even though it hadn't rained for more than a week - and before that for a considerable time - water was still flowing in a sinister way along the floor of the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Main Gallery</span>.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;">In places the pools were knee deep.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;">This is perhaps the classic image that pops into mind when most cavers think of <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Sleets Gill Cave</span>: the wonderful railway tunnel-like profile of the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Main Gallery</span> - a <span style="color: #6aa84f;">phreatic tube</span> in caving terms, formed completely under water. It is so difficult to photograph as the air is full of water droplets. A lot of image processing is needed !!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;">Heading back through that same tunnel. it is a privilege to see it.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;">Jed dwarfed by the scale of the passage and the mud banks of the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Main Gallery</span>, <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Sleets Gill Cave</span>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;">Beginning the long crawl back up the entrance slope. The angle is steep and as you grab at the rocks they just move with you. It is a battle against gravity and the roof is only inches above your head.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;">I was about fifty feet above Emily when her light first showed itself where she was crawling up behind me. Wish I could have tape recorded her voice!!!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;">Yes - that yellow helmet is approaching slowly. Five minutes of struggle can perhaps get you ten feet higher!! Such is the challenge of the crawl out.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;">Jed was somewhere behind ... but at this point Emily just rested ... unable to turn her head.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;">Some idea of the severity of the crawl. I've known it a lot easier in the past - but the recent wet winter has played havoc with the cobbles.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;">And just when she thought she had finally done it .....</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;">It was all too much for my poor daughter - and she curled up in a ball for five minutes of reflection!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;">At last - they both emerged ... with just a fifty feet climb left back to daylight.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;">And here's your truly .... heaven knows how he got himself through there. He'll suffer tomorrow!</span><br />
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;"><span style="background-color: black;"><i>Sleets Gill Cave lies just east of Arncliffe. It should be explored only by confident cavers and with someone who knows the system. However, it is worth a visit just to saunter down the entrance slope in clothes that don't matter. Just treat this cave with the greatest respect.</i></span></span></div>
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Stephen Oldfieldhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12530850075205687496noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7637858080003886362.post-49206846755446289202014-07-01T13:00:00.002-07:002014-07-02T14:52:24.611-07:00<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #e69138; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-large;">Elbolton</span></h2>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Sacred Hill of the Dead</span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Yesterday I wandered into truly enchanted country: a land of fairies - of crouched skeletal burials and ancient animal hideaways: the environs of the mysterious 'reef knoll' of <span style="color: #e69138;">Elbolton</span>, towering over the quaint old hamlet of <span style="color: #e69138;">Thorpe</span>.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">To get there I parked in <span style="color: #e69138;">Hebden</span> - and took the path alongside Hebden Beck down to the <span style="color: #e69138;">River Wharfe</span>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Attractive bridges in sylvan settings present themselves everywhere.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The stunning <span style="color: #e69138;">River Wharfe</span> is first met at the elegant suspension bridge - allowing access to a bridle track up towards the hidden hamlet of <span style="color: #e69138;">Thorpe</span>.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">From the bridle track - I had fine views back over towards the bridge - the fields decorated with ancient <span style="color: #e69138;">lynchets</span>: terracing by medieval farmers for easier ploughing.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This was my first glimpse of the famous reef knolls: <span style="color: #e69138;">Kail Hill</span>, at centre - with the head of <span style="color: #e69138;">Elbolton</span> just visible on the right. These are the remains of a massive 'barrier reef' and once lay where shallow waters of a tropical sea met the deeper water beyond. Deeper water?? All you can see now is the massive rampart of <span style="color: #e69138;">Rylstone Fell</span> - composed of darker gritstone ... and the reason? Well when sea levels dropped, almost to marsh-like conditions - great rivers washed in huge banks of sand and gravel to form those high fells. They also covered the reef knolls which have since been exposed again by glacial action. Hope that makes sense!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #e69138;">Kail Hill</span> is a superb example of a reef knoll and its limestone is made up almost entirely of fossilised remains of the reef of which it was once a part. More about those later. Behind it can be seen the great 'wave' of gritstone making up the northern ramparts of <span style="color: #e69138;">Rylstone Fell</span> - the contrasting grass colour giving away its acidic nature.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Another great view of the contrasting rock types: limestone in the foreground with rich grassland, and the great ridge of <span style="color: #e69138;">Rylstone Fell</span> behind.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Quaint old sign pointing the way to the ultimate destination.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #e69138;">Thorpe Manor</span>: one of several grand old houses in the village.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In the centre of <span style="color: #e69138;">Thorpe</span> is the ancient village green - where a maypole stood for generations. It is a site of special archaeological interest in its own right.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Thorpe's unique hidden position - between the reef knolls of <span style="color: #e69138;">Kail Hill</span> and <span style="color: #e69138;">Elbolton</span>, has given it the old name 'Thorpe in the Hollow'. As many authors have stated, it never seems to change: with old barns and bricked up windows looking like they haven't seen humans for several generations.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Everything comes from another age: a better time in many ways. A sleepy, carefree time.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This unique little cottage seems to personify 'Thorpe in the Hollow'.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The feline version: fairies and mysterious happenings are common around <span style="color: #e69138;">Thorpe</span>. This moggy had real personality and seemed to look me up and down like he owned the place.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The bovine version: all four legged animals here have a presence about them.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The great sacred hill of <span style="color: #e69138;">Elbolton</span> is revealed as we head up an ancient trackway out of <span style="color: #e69138;">Thorpe</span>. Two centuries ago a man met a band of fairies on the hillside here - and when approaching them he was rudely kicked and spat upon. Hiding one in his pocket to convince his daughter of their existence - he was startled to find an empty pocket on returning home. The hill has been the scene of many strange happenings ever since. Even climbing it - you can feel someone watching your every move - even though the sense of isolation is also very real.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The rustic lane along the base of <span style="color: #e69138;">Elbolton </span>- with the steep slopes of reef limestone towering up on the right.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #e69138;">Thorpe</span> nestles snugly in the hollow between the two reef knolls as we scale Elbolton's eastern slope. It is a battle against gravity - and clearly the ancient folk who dragged their dead up to the cave near the summit must have had serious intention in mind when burying them at such an elevated spot. Just look at that view over <span style="color: #e69138;">Kail Hill</span>!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #e69138;">Elbolton Cave</span> itself - properly called <span style="color: #e69138;">Navvy Noodle Hole</span> - lies hidden beneath a limestone scar near the summit of the hill. Not many visit - even fewer go inside - as this cave is tricky to enter. The supernatural activity around the entrance is legendary.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The cave - better described as a pothole - has a metal cover to keep out sheep. This is easily lifted to give the same view that Neolithic people will have had some 4000 years ago. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">A close-up of <span style="color: #e69138;">Elbolton Cave</span>. A 20 foot vertical drop leads into the chamber. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Preparing to descend. A very tricky climb down even with a rope - as the sides are slippery and awkward. Presumably weathering has reduced the footholds of the ancients - unless there was another way in which has since been blocked.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This is where it all happened in 1888. The <span style="color: #e69138;">Reverend E. Jones</span> of <span style="color: #e69138;">Embsay</span> lowered himself into the cave for a full investigation. Twenty feet down he hit a layer of debris but could hardly have expected what lay in store for him. Here he initially found three human <span style="color: #e69138;">skeletons</span> in a sitting position - knees drawn up to their chins and for all the world appearing as though sitting around a crude fire. These days the finds are considered to be, in a sense, Europe's oldest 'mummies'. The skeletons were actually surrounded by a rough stone wall - and there was evidence that dogs or wolves had been deliberately released into the cave to remove the flesh before being removed by their supervisors!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Slumping down the hillside is the spoil heap that Mr Jones dug out of the cave. In the debris below the initial three he eventually unearthed at least nine more human skeletons - while beneath these was an 'animal layer' containing the bones of bears, reindeer, wolves, badgers and other mammals. Pottery was also found containing diamond-like patterns - as well as the remains of fires, where peat had been used as fuel. Clearly, <span style="color: #e69138;">Elbolton Cave</span> was history in a pot: a unique and fascinating treasure trove ...</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Even so - the history of living things here dates back 300 million years. Examining the reef limestone outside the entrance we meet <span style="color: #e69138;">crinoids</span> from the great barrier that once lay at the margins of a shallow, tropical sea.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Some of the fossils - like this gastropod - are stunning indeed.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">All manner of creatures can be made out with a careful inspection.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The structure of the <span style="color: #e69138;">reef limestone</span> is much different than the traditional Great Scar Limestone we are used to in the Yorkshire Dales. The rock is much more brittle and looser in structure.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">There are other pots on the summit of <span style="color: #e69138;">Elbolton</span> - and one of them links through to the main cave itself. There is also evidence of early mining.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #e69138;">Stebden</span> is another reef knoll - just to the north. Strange how the distant <span style="color: #e69138;">Pendle Hill</span> is associated with so many of these ancient sites in the southern dales. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The cairn on the summit of <span style="color: #e69138;">Elbolton</span> - looking north to <span style="color: #e69138;">Grassington</span> with <span style="color: #e69138;">Great Whernside</span> and <span style="color: #e69138;">Buckden Pike</span> in the distance.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Close-up of <span style="color: #e69138;">Stebden</span> - a beautifully conical reef knoll - from the summit of <span style="color: #e69138;">Elbolton</span>. The great gritstone ridge of <span style="color: #e69138;">Rylstone Fell</span> can be seen behind - consisting of much younger rocks formed by rivers washing in sand and gravel.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #e69138;">Wheatears</span> have been at home here for centuries no doubt. Their calls - like clashing pebbles - resemble those of the stonechat.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Solitary barn in a rustic setting as we head towards the village of <span style="color: #e69138;">Linton</span>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #e69138;">Linton</span> is an attractive village - with the old clapper bridge spanning <span style="color: #e69138;">Linton Beck</span>, a tributary of the <span style="color: #e69138;">Wharfe</span>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">I later rejoined the Wharfe at the lovely <span style="color: #e69138;">Linton Falls</span>, just below <span style="color: #e69138;">Grassington</span>. It hasn't rained much this year - so the rocks were more exposed than usual. The limestone here has a pinkish glow.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">As far as beauty goes, <span style="color: #e69138;">Linton Falls</span> are difficult to beat.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The last stage of my journey through history was a delightful stroll back towards <span style="color: #e69138;">Hebden</span>, along the banks of a sedate <span style="color: #e69138;">River Wharfe</span>.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">From every angle, this crystal clear river is just stunning on the eye.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Whether from a gap between the trees ....</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Peeping through fresh foliage ...</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Or lingering on the longer stretches ...</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Avenues of chestnuts line the banks, casting their shadows over the water - where trout and crayfish thrive.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Finally - it was back to the stepping stones by the suspension bridge - to put the finishing touches to a great afternoon.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #e69138; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>There is free parking in Hebden. Follow the beck southwards to the Wharfe. Once over the suspension bridge a bridleway takes you to Thorpe, cosily hidden between the reef knolls. Get the muscles ready for the stiff climb up to Elbolton Cave but take great care at the entrance to this sacred place. Follow delightful meadows to Linton, and enjoy a pint in the Fountaine Inn before enjoying the falls and a lovely riverside stroll back to Hebden. This adventure has a bit of everything - and stunning widlife. Watch out for fairies ....</i></span></div>
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<span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>Stephen x</i></span></div>
Stephen Oldfieldhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12530850075205687496noreply@blogger.com14